Interleukin 2

Phase 3Protein / enzyme

EEssen Biotech

Interleukin 2 is one of 609 small molecule programs targeting Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. It is currently in Phase 3.

Indications

159

Total Trials

Active Trials

608

Competitors

Pipeline

Status by Indication[3][1]

Indication

Systemic Lupus ErythematosusRecruiting

Lung CancerRecruiting

Esophageal CancerRecruiting

LymphomaActive, not recruiting

Brain CancerRecruiting

MesotheliomaActive, not recruiting

NeuroblastomaTerminated

Chronic Graft Versus Host DiseaseActive, not recruiting

Metastatic Colorectal CancerRecruiting

Rectum CancerRecruiting

Systemic Lupus ErythematosusPhase 3

Recruiting

Lung CancerPhase 2

Recruiting

Esophageal CancerPhase 2

Recruiting

LymphomaPhase 2

Active, not recruiting

Brain CancerPhase 2

Recruiting

MesotheliomaPhase 1

Active, not recruiting

NeuroblastomaPhase 2

Terminated

Chronic Graft Versus Host DiseasePhase 2

Active, not recruiting

Metastatic Colorectal CancerPreclinical

Recruiting

Rectum CancerPhase 2

Recruiting

Showing 10 of 27 indications

Competition

Competitive Landscape

702 competitors in Breast Cancer

#DrugCompanyPhaseTrials

Interleukin 2

EEssen Biotech

Phase 3

9 2

Voltaren

Novartis

Preclinical

1 3

Zolymbus

AbbVie

Preclinical

1 4

Blenoxane

Bristol-Myers Squibb

Preclinical

1 5

MS Contin

HHikma Pharmaceuticals LLC

Preclinical

3 6

Duragesic-100

CCephalon

Preclinical

2 7

MS Contin

HHikma Pharmaceuticals LLC

Preclinical

2 8

Spravato

WWim Janssens

Preclinical

2 9

Tricor

JJagotec

Preclinical

1 10

Cortef

PPfizer's Upjohn has merged with Mylan to form Viatris Inc.

Preclinical

Ranked by pipeline maturity and clinical activity. Current drug highlighted in teal.

Timeline

Expected Milestones

Q4 2026

Phase 1Active, not recruiting

Chronic Graft Versus Host Disease

NCT01937468

Phase 2Active, not recruiting

Chronic Graft Versus Host Disease

NCT01366092

Phase 1/2Recruiting

Lung Cancer

NCT06538012

Phase 1/2Recruiting

Rectum Cancer

NCT06530303

Phase 1/2Recruiting

Brain Cancer

NCT06640582

Phase 1/2Recruiting

Esophageal Cancer

NCT06532799

Clinical

Trials by Indication[1]

Metastatic Melanoma15 trials

Study Comparing TIL to Standard Ipilimumab in Patients With Metastatic Melanoma

Completed·TThe Netherlands Cancer Institute·Phase 3·NCT02278887·168 enrolled

The Response to Intralesional IL-2 and/or BCG Treatment for Cutaneous Metastatic Melanoma

Withdrawn·CCarman Giacomantonio·Phase 2/3·NCT03928275

Combining PD-1 Blockade, CD137 Agonism and Adoptive Cell Therapy for Metastatic Melanoma

Completed·HH. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute·Phase 1·NCT02652455·11 enrolled

Show 12 more trials

Vaccine Therapy With or Without Interleukin-2 in Treating Patients With Metastatic Melanoma

Completed·NNational Cancer Institute (NCI)·Phase 2·NCT00019448

Peginterferon and TIL Therapy for Metastatic Melanoma

Completed·IInge Marie Svane·Phase 1/2·NCT02379195·12 enrolled

TIL Therapy in Metastatic Melanoma and IL2 Dose Assessment

Terminated·TThe Christie NHS Foundation Trust·Phase 2·NCT01995344·2 enrolled

Vaccine Therapy in Treating Patients With Metastatic Melanoma of the Eye

Completed·NNational Cancer Institute (NCI)·Phase 2·NCT00020475

Vemurafenib and TIL Therapy for Metastatic Melanoma

Completed·IInge Marie Svane·Phase 1/2·NCT02354690·13 enrolled

Lifileucel With Reduced Dose Fludarabine/Cyclophosphamide Lymphodepletion and Interleukin-2 for the Treatment of Patients With Unresectable or Metastatic Melanoma

Unknown status·UUniversity of Kansas Medical Center·Phase 2·NCT06151847·12 enrolled

IPI Biochemotherapy for Chemonaive Patients With Metastatic Melanoma

Terminated·MM.D. Anderson Cancer Center·Phase 1·NCT01409174·19 enrolled

Cisplatin, Temozolomide, Abraxane, With Interleukin-2 and Interferon for Metastatic Melanoma

Completed·MM.D. Anderson Cancer Center·Phase 1·NCT00970996·10 enrolled

Biochemotherapy With Temozolomide for Metastatic Melanoma

Terminated·MM.D. Anderson Cancer Center·Phase 2·NCT00505635·5 enrolled

Interleukin-2 in Metastatic Melanoma

Terminated·WWestern Regional Medical Center·Phase 2·NCT01702896·8 enrolled

Anti-PD-1 Antibody With HD IL-2 in Metastatic Melanoma

Terminated·RRalph Hauke·Phase 2·NCT03476174·1 enrolled

TIL-ACT After NMA Chemo with IL-2 and Nivo Rescue in Metastatic Melanoma (mMEL)

Completed·—·Phase 1·NCT03475134·18 enrolled

Breast Cancer9 trials

A Study of Allogenic Natural Killer Cells in Combination With Trastuzumab and Pertuzumab in Adult Patients With Refractory Metastatic Her2 Positive Breast Cancer. NK-ACT-BC_2020

Terminated·VVall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology·Phase 1·NCT05385705·2 enrolled

Study of Autologous Tumor-Draining Lymph Node-Derived Lymphocytes for Advanced HER2-Negative Breast Cancer

Recruiting·SSun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University·Phase 1/2·NCT05981001·170 enrolled

Autologous T-Cell Transplantation and the Immunotherapy of Residual Disease in Breast Cancer: Pilot Study of Vaccine-Driven T-Cell Expansion in Patients Treated With Dose-Intensive Chemotherapy

Completed·NNational Cancer Institute (NCI)·Phase 1·NCT00001440·51 enrolled

Show 6 more trials

Study of Autologous Tumor-Draining Lymph Node-Derived Lymphocytes as Neoadjuvant Therapy for HER2-Negative Breast Cancer

Recruiting·SSun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University·Phase 1/2·NCT05981014·196 enrolled

Allogeneic Natural Killer (NK) Cells for Ovarian, Fallopian Tube, Peritoneal and Metastatic Breast Cancer

Completed·MMasonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota·Phase 2·NCT01105650·13 enrolled

Allogeneic Natural Killer (NK) Cells in Patients With Advanced Metastatic Breast Cancer

Terminated·MMasonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota·Phase 2·NCT00376805·6 enrolled

Phase I Study of Autologous Tumor-Draining Lymph Node-Derived Lymphocytes as Neoadjuvant Therapy for HER2-Negative Breast Cancer

Recruiting·SSun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University·Phase 1·NCT06121570·24 enrolled

TIL Gean Therapy Combined With Immunotherapy for Advanced or Metastatic Refractory Breast Cancer

Recruiting·EEssen Biotech·Phase 1/2·NCT06532812·85 enrolled

Phase I Study of Autologous Tumor-Draining Lymph Node-Derived Lymphocytes for Advanced HER2-Negative Breast Cancer

Recruiting·SSun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University·Phase 1·NCT06121557·24 enrolled

Melanoma8 trials

Proof of Concept of TBio-4101, Lymphodepleting Chemo, IL-2 for Relapsed/Refractory Melanoma

Active, not recruiting·HH. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute·Phase 1·NCT05628883·17 enrolled

High Dose Interleukin-2 Followed by Intermittent Low Dose Temozolomide in Patients With Melanoma

Completed·MMilton S. Hershey Medical Center·Phase 2·NCT01124734·17 enrolled

T Cell Transfer With or Without Dendritic Cell Vaccination in Patients With Melanoma

Unknown status·KKarolinska University Hospital·Phase 1·NCT01946373·20 enrolled

Show 5 more trials

Hepatic Arterial Infusion of Autologous Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes in Patients With Melanoma and Liver Metastases

Completed·VVastra Gotaland Region·Phase 1·NCT04812470·8 enrolled

S0008: Chemotherapy Plus Biological Therapy in Treating Patients With Melanoma

Completed·SSWOG Cancer Research Network·Phase 3·NCT00006237·432 enrolled

Low-dose Interleukin-2 and Pembrolizumab in Melanoma and Renal Cell Cancer

Withdrawn·—·Phase 1/2·NCT03111901

Lymphodepletion Plus Adoptive Cell Transfer With or Without Dendritic Cell Immunization in Patients With Metastatic Melanoma

Active, not recruiting·MM.D. Anderson Cancer Center·Phase 2·NCT00338377·1,230 enrolled

Phase I/II Clinical Trial of CD40L-augmented Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes (TIL) for Patients With Advanced Melanoma

Recruiting·HH. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute·Preclinical·NCT06961357·36 enrolled

Kidney Cancer5 trials

Interleukin-2 in Treating Patients With Stage III or Stage IV Kidney Cancer

Completed·LLoyola University·Phase 3·NCT00003126·69 enrolled

Study of Interleukin-2, Interferon-alpha and Bevacizumab in Metastatic Kidney Cancer

Unknown status·UUniversity of Aarhus·Phase 2·NCT01274273·118 enrolled

Interleukin-2 in Metastatic Kidney Cancer

Terminated·WWestern Regional Medical Center·Phase 2·NCT01702909·7 enrolled

Show 2 more trials

Safety Study of Specific Tumor Target Drug Plus Immune System Therapy in Patients With Kidney Cancer

Terminated·TThe Methodist Hospital Research Institute·Phase 2·NCT00440973·6 enrolled

Coordinated High Dose Interleukin-2 (Aldesleukin, Proleukin™) and Pembrolizumab (Anti-PD1, Keytruda™) for Therapy of Metastatic Kidney Cancer

Completed·HH. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute·Phase 2·NCT02964078·27 enrolled

Interleukin5 trials

Low-dose IL-2( Interleukin-2) Treatment in SLE

Completed·PPeking University People's Hospital·N/A·NCT02084238·40 enrolled

Umbrella Study for HIV Infected Adults Enrolled in NIAID-Funded Interleukin-2 Studies

Completed·NNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)··NCT00311688

Subcutaneously Administered Interleukin-2 Therapy in HIV-Infected Patients

Completed·NNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)·Phase 2·NCT00001357·80 enrolled

Show 2 more trials

A Phase II Trial of Low-Dose Interleukin-2 (IL-2) Added to Extra-Corporeal Photopheresis for Steroid-Refractory cGVHD

Completed·—·Phase 2·NCT02340676·25 enrolled

Efficacy of Using Interleukin-2 in Antiretroviral Naïve HIV Patients (ANRS119)

Completed·FFrench National Agency for Research on AIDS and Viral Hepatitis·Phase 2·NCT00120185·130 enrolled

90 more indications

Neuroblastoma5 trials

Haploidentical Natural Killer (NK) Cells in Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Neuroblastoma

Terminated·MM.D. Anderson Cancer Center·Phase 2·NCT00698009·1 enrolled

Gene Modified Allogeneic Neuroblastoma Cells For Treatment of Relapsed/Refractory Neuroblastoma

Completed·SSt. Jude Children's Research Hospital·Phase 1·NCT00186862·24 enrolled

Response-based Treatment of High-risk Neuroblastoma

Unknown status·SSamsung Medical Center·Phase 2·NCT02771743·54 enrolled

Show 2 more trials

Quadruple Immunotherapy for Neuroblastoma

Recruiting·HHong Kong Children's Hospital·Phase 2·NCT05754684·29 enrolled

Neuroblastoma Protocol 2012: Therapy for Children With Advanced Stage High-Risk Neuroblastoma

Completed·SSt. Jude Children's Research Hospital·Phase 2·NCT01857934·153 enrolled

Efficacy and Safety4 trials

The Study of Comparing the Efficacy and Safety of Human Umbilical Cord MSCs and Low-dose IL-2 in the Treatment of LN

Unknown status·TThe Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School·Phase 3·NCT05631717·40 enrolled

Evaluation of Efficacy and Safety of PD-1 Monoclonal Antibody in Combination With rhG-CSF, IL-2, and CapeOX in Initially Resectable Synchronous Colorectal Liver Metastases

Not yet recruiting·TThe First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University··NCT06504901·30 enrolled

Efficacy and Safety of Addition of IL-2 to Pegylated Interferon Alpha 2a and Ribavirin in HIV/HCV Coinfected Patients

Completed·FFrench National Agency for Research on AIDS and Viral Hepatitis·Phase 2·NCT00196586·75 enrolled

Show 1 more trial

Efficacy and Safety of Low-dose IL-2 in Patients With SLE: a Multicenter, Randomised, Placebo-controlled Trial

Completed·PPeking University People's Hospital·Phase 2·NCT04077684·152 enrolled

Advanced Solid Tumors3 trials

NeoTIL in Advanced Solid Tumors

Active, not recruiting·—·Phase 1·NCT04643574·42 enrolled

Treatment of Advanced Solid Tumors With Neo-T(GI-NeoT-02)

Unknown status·BBGI, China·Phase 1·NCT05798546·21 enrolled

Individualized Tumor Specific TCR- T Cells in the Treatment of Advanced Solid Tumors

Recruiting·GGuangzhou FineImmune Biotechnology Co., LTD.·Phase 1·NCT03891706·30 enrolled

Lymphoma3 trials

Safety and Efficacy Study of Immunotherapy With Rituximab and Interleukin-2 in Patients With Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma

Completed·SSidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Thomas Jefferson University·Phase 2·NCT00994643·11 enrolled

Comparing Interleukin-2 (IL-2) Combined With Rituximab (Rituxan) to Rituximab Alone in Subjects With Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (NHL)

Terminated·CChiron Corporation·Phase 2·NCT00100737·300 enrolled

AB-101 as Monotherapy and With Immunotherapy in Patients With Relapsed/Refractory B-Cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma

Active, not recruiting·AArtiva Biotherapeutics, Inc.·Phase 1/2·NCT04673617·45 enrolled

Ovarian Cancer3 trials

Intraperitoneal Cytokine-Induced Memory Like (CIML) Natural Killer (NK) Cells in Recurrent Ovarian Cancer

Recruiting·—·Phase 1·NCT06321484·18 enrolled

TIL Therapy for Metastatic Ovarian Cancer

Completed·IInge Marie Svane·Phase 1·NCT02482090·6 enrolled

TIL Therapy in Combination With Checkpoint Inhibitors for Metastatic Ovarian Cancer

Completed·IInge Marie Svane·Phase 1/2·NCT03287674·7 enrolled

Renal Cell Carcinoma3 trials

A Phase II Study of EC17 (Folate-hapten Conjugate) in Patients With Progressive Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma

Terminated·EEndocyte·Phase 2·NCT00485563·12 enrolled

Cytokines in Patients With Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma of Intermediate Prognosis

Completed·CCentre Leon Berard·Phase 3·NCT00291369·456 enrolled

TIL Therapy for Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma

Completed·IInge Marie Svane·Phase 1·NCT02926053·5 enrolled

Chronic Graft Versus Host Disease3 trials

Trial of Regulatory T-cells Plus Low-Dose Interleukin-2 for Steroid-Refractory Chronic Graft-versus-Host-Disease

Active, not recruiting·—·Phase 1·NCT01937468·25 enrolled

Daily IL-2 for Steroid-Refractory Chronic Graft-versus-Host-Disease

Active, not recruiting·—·Phase 2·NCT01366092·35 enrolled

Ultra-Low Dose Interleukin-2 for Refractory Chronic Graft Versus Host Disease

Completed·—·Phase 1·NCT00529035·29 enrolled

Leukemia3 trials

High Dose Ara-C (HDAC) and Interleukin-2 (IL-2) for Patients With Acute Myelogenous Leukemia (AML)

Completed·—·Phase 2·NCT00136448·30 enrolled

Efficiency Study of Low Dose of IL-2 to Prevent Relapse in Standard Risk Leukemia After Transplantation

Terminated·PPeking University People's Hospital·N/A·NCT01517347·90 enrolled

Trial of Daily Pulse Interleukin-2 With Famotidine in Acute Myelogenous Leukemia

Terminated·LLeo W. Jenkins Cancer Center·Phase 2·NCT01289678·18 enrolled

Memory2 trials

Cytokine-induced Memory-like NK Cells in Combination With Chemotherapy in Pediatric Patents With Refractory or Relapsed AML

Withdrawn·WWashington University School of Medicine·Phase 2·NCT04354025

Cytokine-induced Memory-like NK Cells in Relapsed/Refractory AML and MDS

Withdrawn·WWashington University School of Medicine·Phase 2·NCT04893915

Chronic Hepatitis2 trials

Safety Study of Low Dose Interleukin 2 (IL-2) Plus PEG-IFN/RBV In Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Genotype I

Terminated·WWeill Medical College of Cornell University·Phase 1·NCT00277758·18 enrolled

Combination Therapy With Interferon Plus Interleukin 2 and Hepatitis B Vaccine in Chronic Hepatitis B Patients

Completed·TTongji Hospital·Phase 4·NCT02360592·94 enrolled

Metastatic Cancer2 trials

Vaccine Therapy in Treating Patients With Metastatic Cancer

Completed·NNational Cancer Institute (NCI)·Phase 1·NCT00020267

Safety and Tolerability Study of FolateImmune in Combination With Cytokines in Patients With Refractory or Metastatic Cancer

Completed·EEndocyte·Phase 1·NCT00329368·13 enrolled

Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathy2 trials

Low-dose Interleukin-2 in Combination With Standard Therapy on Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathy

Unknown status·PPeking University People's Hospital·Phase 2·NCT04237987·20 enrolled

Low-dose Interleukin-2 Treatment on Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathy

Unknown status·PPeking University People's Hospital·Phase 2·NCT04062019·15 enrolled

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus2 trials

Efficacy and Immunological Evaluation of Telitacicept and Low Dose IL2 in the Treatment of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Recruiting·LLiu Tian·Phase 3·NCT05339217·60 enrolled

Efficacy and Immunological Evaluation of Belimumab Plus Low Dose IL-2 in the Treatment of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Unknown status·PPeking University People's Hospital·Phase 3·NCT05262686·10 enrolled

Relapsed/Refractory2 trials

Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of KITE-439 in HLA-A*02:01+ Adults With Relapsed/Refractory HPV16+ Cancers

Terminated· Gilead logo

Gilead·Phase 1·NCT03912831·8 enrolled

Trial of LAVA-051 in Patients with Relapsed/refractory CLL, MM, or AML

Terminated·LLava Therapeutics·Phase 1·NCT04887259·16 enrolled

Renal Carcinoma2 trials

Low-dose IL-2 Plus IFN-alpha Immunotherapy as Adjuvant Treatment of Renal Carcinoma.

Completed·GGruppo Oncologico Italiano di Ricerca Clinica·Phase 3·NCT00502034·310 enrolled

A Phase 0 Pilot Study of Memory-like Natural Killer (NK) Cell Immune Therapy in Patients With Renal Cell Carcinoma or Urothelial Carcinoma

Active, not recruiting·DDana-Farber Cancer Institute·Phase 1·NCT06318871·5 enrolled

Solid Tumor2 trials

A Phase 1/2 Study of KSQ-004EX, Autologous Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes Engineered to Inactivate Genes Encoding SOCS1 and Regnase-1, in Patients With Select Advanced Solid Tumors

Recruiting·MM.D. Anderson Cancer Center·Preclinical·NCT06598371·141 enrolled

A Phase 1/2 Study of KSQ-001EX, Autologous Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes Engineered to Inactivate the SOCS1 Gene, in Patients With Select Advanced Solid Tumors

Active, not recruiting·MM.D. Anderson Cancer Center·Preclinical·NCT06237881·15 enrolled

Completed·PPeking University People's Hospital·N/A·NCT02932137·30 enrolled

Chronic GVHD1 trial

Study of Individual Adult and Pediatric Patient Dose-escalated Interleukin-2 Therapy for Refractory Chronic GVHD

Completed·—·Phase 1·NCT02318082·21 enrolled

Myeloid Diseases1 trial

NK Cell Based Non-Myeloablative Transplantation in Acute Myeloid Diseases

Completed·MMasonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota·Phase 2·NCT01370213·25 enrolled

Immune Checkpoint Blockade1 trial

Assessment of the Safety and Tolerability of ex Vivo Next-generation Neoantigen-selected Tumor-infiltrating Lymphocyte (TIL) Therapy in Advanced Epithelial Tumors and Immune Checkpoint Blockade (ICB) Resistant Solid Tumors

Recruiting·VVall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology·Phase 1·NCT05141474·10 enrolled

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis1 trial

T-Regulatory Cells in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Unknown status·SStanley H. Appel, MD·Phase 1·NCT03241784·4 enrolled

Multiple Sclerosis1 trial

IDP-023 g-NK Cells Plus Ocrelizumab in Patients With Progressive Multiple Sclerosis

Suspended·IIndapta Therapeutics, INC.·Phase 1·NCT06677710·34 enrolled

Thalassemia1 trial

Monitoring of Chimerism After Transplantation in Patients With β Thalassemia Major and the Treatment Strategies for the Reduction of Chimerism

Unknown status·FFirst Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University·N/A·NCT03101423·30 enrolled

Immune System1 trial

Therapeutic HIV Vaccine and Interleukin-2 to Increase the Immune System's Response to HIV

Completed·NNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)·Phase 2·NCT00056797·92 enrolled

Mesothelioma1 trial

Pembrolizumab Plus Autologous Dendritic Cell Vaccine in Patients with PD-L1 Negative Advanced Mesothelioma Who Have Failed Prior Therapies

Active, not recruiting·IIstituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori Dino Amadori IRST S.r.l. IRCCS·Phase 1·NCT03546426·18 enrolled

Relapsed or Refractory Hematologic Malignancies1 trial

Repeat Transplantation for Relapsed or Refractory Hematologic Malignancies Following Prior Transplantation

Terminated·SSt. Jude Children's Research Hospital·Phase 2·NCT02259348·12 enrolled

Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma1 trial

Autologous Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes MDA-TIL in Treating Patients With Recurrent or Refractory Ovarian Cancer, Colorectal Cancer, or Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma

Terminated·MM.D. Anderson Cancer Center·Phase 2·NCT03610490·16 enrolled

HIV Seropositive1 trial

Pharmacodynamics of Intermittent IL-2 Infusions in HIV Seropositive Patients

Completed·NNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)·Phase 2·NCT00001474·36 enrolled

Dermatomyositis1 trial

Interleukin-2 on Active Dermatomyositis

Enrolling by invitation·PPeking University People's Hospital·Phase 3·NCT05495321·240 enrolled

Immunosuppression1 trial

Withdrawal of Immunosuppression in Recipients of Face and Extremity Transplants

Completed·—·Phase 1·NCT01853111·1 enrolled

HIV1 trial

Genetically Modified Lymphocytes to Treat HIV-Infected Identical Twins - Study Modifications

Completed·NNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)·Phase 1·NCT00001409·100 enrolled

Pulmonary Tuberculosis1 trial

A New Treatment for Primary Smear-positive Pulmonary Tuberculosis With Interleukin-2

Unknown status·—·Phase 4·NCT04766307·1,100 enrolled

HIV infection1 trial

Hepatitis Vaccination in HIV Infection: Role of Adjuvant Interleukin-2

Unknown status·—·Phase 3·NCT00451984·80 enrolled

Gastrointestinal1 trial

Allogenic Immunotherapy Based on Natural Killer (NK) Cell Adoptive Transfer in Metastatic Gastrointestinal Carcinoma Treated With Cetuximab

Completed·—·Phase 1·NCT02845999·9 enrolled

Lung Cancer1 trial

TIL Therapy Combined With Pembrolizumab for Advanced or Metastatic Refractory Lung Cancer

Recruiting·EEssen Biotech·Phase 1/2·NCT06538012·85 enrolled

Transplantation1 trial

Prophylaxis Roles of IL-2 Treatment on GVHD After Transplantation

Unknown status·PPeking University People's Hospital·Phase 2·NCT02659657·70 enrolled

Rectum Cancer1 trial

Biological Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes Therapy With Immunotherapy for Colon and Rectum Cancer

Recruiting·EEssen Biotech·Phase 1/2·NCT06530303·85 enrolled

Pleural Mesothelioma1 trial

TILs & Low-Dose IL-2 Therapy Following Cyclophosphamide and Fludarabine in Pleural Mesothelioma Patients

Completed·UUniversity Health Network, Toronto·Phase 1/2·NCT02414945·9 enrolled

Lymphoid Malignancies1 trial

Penostatin, Rituximab and Ontak and Allogeneic Natural Killer (NK) Cells for Refractory Lymphoid Malignancies

Completed·MMasonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota·Phase 2·NCT01181258·16 enrolled

B-cell Malignancies1 trial

Interleukin-2 Following 4SCAR19/22 T Cells Targeting Refractory and/or Recurrent B Cell Malignancies

Withdrawn·ZZhujiang Hospital·Phase 1/2·NCT03098355

Organ Preservation1 trial

Application of PD-1 Monoclonal Antibody in Combination With IL-2 and CapeOX in Organ Preservation Therapy for Ultra-Low Localized Advanced Rectal Cancer

Not yet recruiting·TThe First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University··NCT06504875·23 enrolled

Relapsing Polychondritis1 trial

Low-dose Recombinant Human IL-2 for the Treatment of Relapsing Polychondritis

Completed·PPeking University People's Hospital·Phase 2·NCT04077736·10 enrolled

Epstein Barr Virus1 trial

PD-1 Knockout EBV-CTLs for Advanced Stage Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) Associated Malignancies

Unknown status·YYang Yang·Phase 1/2·NCT03044743·20 enrolled

Alopecia Areata1 trial

Evaluation of the Efficacy and Tolerability of Treatment With Interleukin-2 in Severe and Resistant Alopecia Areata

Terminated·—·Phase 1/2·NCT01840046·4 enrolled

Phase II Clinical Trial1 trial

Phase II Clinical Trial of Interleukin-2 in AD

Recruiting·TThe Methodist Hospital Research Institute·Phase 2·NCT06096090·40 enrolled

Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia1 trial

Haploidentical Natural Killer (NK) Cells With Epratuzumab for Relapsed Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL)

Terminated·MM.D. Anderson Cancer Center·Phase 2·NCT00941928·2 enrolled

Soft Tissue Sarcoma1 trial

Lymphodepletion Plus Adoptive Cell Therapy With High Dose IL-2 in Adolescent and Young Adult Patients With Soft Tissue Sarcoma

Completed·HH. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute·Phase 1·NCT04052334·9 enrolled

Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation1 trial

Preemptive CIML NK Cell Therapy After Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

Recruiting·—·Phase 1·NCT06138587·15 enrolled

Macrophage Activation Syndrome1 trial

Low-dose IL-2 ( Interleukin-2) Treatment in Macrophage Activation Syndrome（MAS）

Unknown status·PPeking University People's Hospital·Phase 1/2·NCT02569463·6 enrolled

Brain Cancer1 trial

TIL Therapy Combined With Pembrolizumab for Advanced Brain Cancer Including Gliomas and Meningiomas

Recruiting·EEssen Biotech·Phase 1/2·NCT06640582·85 enrolled

Antiretroviral Treatment1 trial

Phase II/III Study Evaluating the Effect of IL-2 on Preservation of the CD4 T-Lymphocytes After Interruption of Antiretroviral Treatment in HIV-Infected Patients With CD4 T-Lymphocyte Count Greater Than 500 Cells/mm3 Who Received Antiretroviral Tx

Completed·NNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)·Phase 2·NCT00071890·148 enrolled

Liver Transplant1 trial

Efficacy of Low Dose, SubQ Interleukin-2 (IL-2) to Expand Endogenous Regulatory T-Cells in Liver Transplant Recipients

Completed·—·Phase 2·NCT02739412·6 enrolled

Advanced Refractory Solid Tumors1 trial

Neoantigen Reactive T Cells Combined With SHR-1210 for Chinese Patients With Advanced Refractory Solid Tumors

Unknown status·TThe Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School·Phase 1/2·NCT03171220·40 enrolled

Intraperitoneal1 trial

Intraperitoneal Delivery of Adaptive Natural Killer (NK) Cells (FATE-NK100) With Intraperitoneal Int

Completed·MMasonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota·Phase 1·NCT03213964·10 enrolled

Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer1 trial

A Clinical Study of Recombinant Human Vascular Endothelial Inhibitor in Combination With PRaG for Advanced Refractory Non-small Cell Lung Cancer

Unknown status·SSecond Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University·Phase 2·NCT06047860·30 enrolled

Refractory AML1 trial

T-Cell Depleted Double UCB for Refractory AML

Terminated·MMasonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota·Phase 2·NCT01464359·3 enrolled

T Cells1 trial

NY-ESO-1 T Cells in OG Cancer

Terminated·FFiona Thistlethwaite·Phase 2·NCT01795976·2 enrolled

Phase 21 trial

Phase 2 Study of AFM13 in Combination With AB-101 in Subjects With R/R HL and CD30+ PTCL

Terminated·AAffimed GmbH·Phase 2·NCT05883449·25 enrolled

Patients With Solid Tumors1 trial

Interleukin-2 Plus Monoclonal Antibody Therapy in Treating Patients With Solid Tumors

Completed·AAlliance for Clinical Trials in Oncology·Phase 1·NCT00002994·355 enrolled

HIV-1 infection1 trial

Novel Interventions in HIV-1 Infection

Terminated·IImperial College London·Phase 1·NCT01130376·12 enrolled

Squamous Cell Carcinoma1 trial

TIL Therapy in cSCC and MCC

Recruiting·—·Phase 2·NCT07288073·14 enrolled

Stage IV Renal Cell Cancer1 trial

A Study of TroVax Vaccine Given in Conjunction With IL-2 for Treatment of Stage IV Renal Cell Cancer

Completed·OOxford BioMedica·Phase 2·NCT00083941·25 enrolled

APL1 trial

Alloreactive Haploidentical Natural Killer (NK) Cells With Busulfan and Fludarabine/ATG

Completed·MM.D. Anderson Cancer Center·Phase 2·NCT01390402·6 enrolled

Systemic1 trial

Phase II Study of a B7-1 Gene-Modified Autologous Tumor Cell Vaccine and Systemic IL-2

Completed·HH. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute·Phase 2·NCT00031564·49 enrolled

Solid Tumors1 trial

Adoptive Transfer Of Autologous Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes in Solid Tumors

Terminated·—·Phase 1·NCT03992326·6 enrolled

Head and Neck Cancers1 trial

CRTE7A2-01 TCR-T Cell for HPV-16 Positive Advanced Cervical, Anal, or Head and Neck Cancers

Unknown status·CCorregene Biotechnology Co., Ltd·Phase 1·NCT05122221·12 enrolled

Recurrent or Metastatic Solid Tumors1 trial

HPV-T in HPV-16 Positive Recurrent or Metastatic Solid Tumors

Unknown status·BBGI, China·Phase 1·NCT05895370·12 enrolled

Safety and Efficacy1 trial

A Phase II Study to Evaluate Safety and Efficacy of Combined Treatment With Ipilimumab and Intratumoral Interleukin-2

Completed·UUniversity Hospital Tuebingen·Phase 2·NCT01480323·15 enrolled

Treatment1 trial

Diabetes Islet Preservation Immune Treatment

Withdrawn·CCamillo Ricordi and Jay Skyler·Phase 1/2·NCT02586831

R/R NHL1 trial

MG4101 Plus Rituximab Including Lymphodepletion in Patient With r/r NHL B-cell Origin

Unknown status·GGC Cell Corporation·Phase 1/2·NCT03778619·9 enrolled

Hematologic Cancer1 trial

IDP-023 as a Single Agent and in Combination With Antibody Therapies in Patients With Advanced Hematologic Cancers

Recruiting·IIndapta Therapeutics, INC.·Phase 1/2·NCT06119685·128 enrolled

Esophageal Cancer1 trial

TIL Therapy Combined With Pembrolizumab for Advanced or Metastatic Refractory Stomach and Esophageal Cancer

Recruiting·EEssen Biotech·Phase 1/2·NCT06532799·75 enrolled

Renal Cell Cancer1 trial

Phase Ib/II Trial of Interleukin-2 and PD-1 Checkpoint Inhibitor, Nivolumab In Metastatic Clear Cell Renal Cell Cancer

Completed·UUniversity of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center·Phase 1/2·NCT02989714·13 enrolled

Polymyalgia Rheumatica1 trial

Low-dose Interleukin-2 Treatment on Polymyalgia Rheumatica

Unknown status·PPeking University People's Hospital·Phase 2·NCT04062006·15 enrolled

Inflammatory Disease1 trial

Induction of Regulatory t Cells by Low Dose il2 in Autoimmune and Inflammatory Diseases

Completed·AAssistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris·Phase 2·NCT01988506·81 enrolled

Influenza1 trial

Studies of Influenza Vaccine and Tetanus-Pneumococcal Vaccine in HIV-infected Patients Receiving Interleukin-2

Completed·NNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)·Phase 2·NCT00050726·620 enrolled

RCC1 trial

High Dose IL 2 and Entinostat in RCC

Active, not recruiting·RRoberto Pili·Phase 2·NCT03501381·46 enrolled

Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome1 trial

Interleukin-2 Treatment for Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome

Completed·SSoma Jyonouchi·Phase 1·NCT00774358·9 enrolled

Myelodysplastic Syndrome1 trial

Alloreactive NK Cells for Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation for Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) and Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS)

Completed·MM.D. Anderson Cancer Center·Phase 1·NCT00402558·15 enrolled

Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma1 trial

Phase I Clinical Trial of Rituximab (Rtx) and Tafasitamab in Combination With Allogeneic NK Cells for Treatment of Relapsed/Refractory (r/r) B-cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma

Recruiting·PPaolo Caimi, MD·Phase 1·NCT07225439·15 enrolled

Metastatic Uveal Melanoma1 trial

Locoregional or Systemic Administration of Autologous Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes in Patients With Metastatic Melanoma

Not yet recruiting·VVastra Gotaland Region·Phase 1·NCT07183852·18 enrolled

Uveal Melanoma1 trial

Hepatic Arterial Infusion of Autologous Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes Preconditioned With Percutaneous Hepatic Perfusion With Melphalan in Patients With Melanoma and Liver Metastases

Not yet recruiting·VVastra Gotaland Region·Phase 1·NCT05903937·6 enrolled

Melanoma Stage III1 trial

A Phase II Study of High Dose Bolus IL2 in Combination With Low Dose Ipilimumab Followed Sequentially by Nivolumab in Patients With Inoperable Stage III or Stage IV Melanoma Who Have Failed Prior Anti-PD1 Immunotherapy

Active, not recruiting·HH. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute·Phase 2·NCT04562129·18 enrolled

Acute Myeloid Leukemia1 trial

A Phase 1 Study of Cytokine-induced Memory-like (CIML) NK Cells With Venetoclax as Consolidation Therapy in AML

Recruiting·DDana-Farber Cancer Institute·Phase 1·NCT06152809·10 enrolled

Malignant Pleural Effusion1 trial

Fast TILs to Treat Metastatic Cancer Patients With Pleural Disease: A Phase I Trial

Recruiting·DDavid Bartlett, MD·Phase 1·NCT07192900·10 enrolled

Platinum-resistant1 trial

Phase I Study Evaluating the Feasibility and Safety of Infusion of "Re-Stimulated" Autologous TILs Followed by Low-Dose IL-2 Therapy in Patients With Platinum Resistant High Grade Serous Ovarian, Fallopian Tube, or Primary Peritoneal Cancer

Active, not recruiting·UUniversity Health Network, Toronto·Phase 1·NCT01883297·3 enrolled

Rectal Cancer1 trial

Assessment of Efficacy and Safety of PD-1 Monoclonal Antibody Combined With IL-2 and CapeOX in Neoadjuvant Therapy for Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer Prior to Surgery: A Prospective, Multi-center, Randomized Controlled Study (PICM)

Completed·TThe First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University·Phase 2·NCT06884670·130 enrolled

Metastatic Colorectal Cancer1 trial

A FIH, Phase I/IIa, Open-label Trial Assessing Safety, Tolerability, and Feasibility of Repeated Administrations of a Novel Autologous TIL-based Immunotherapy in Patients With Metastatic Colorectal or Prostate Cancer

Recruiting·CCuracell Holding AB·Preclinical·NCT07255664·12 enrolled

Sources

References

[1]
ClinicalTrials.gov — 159 trial records for Interleukin 2. U.S. National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.
[2]
ChEMBL — Interleukin 2 compound record. European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI).
[3]
Open Targets Platform — Drug–disease associations for Interleukin 2. EMBL-EBI & Wellcome Sanger Institute.
[4]
SEC EDGAR — Essen Biotech company filings. U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.

Details

Drug Info

Quick Facts

Modality: Protein / enzyme[2]
Highest Phase: Phase 3[1]
Company: EEssen Biotech

Interleukin 2

Status by Indication[3][1]

Competitive Landscape

Expected Milestones

Q4 2026

Trials by Indication[1]

Metastatic Melanoma15 trials

Breast Cancer9 trials

Melanoma8 trials

Kidney Cancer5 trials

Interleukin5 trials

Neuroblastoma5 trials

Efficacy and Safety4 trials

Advanced Solid Tumors3 trials

Lymphoma3 trials

Ovarian Cancer3 trials

Renal Cell Carcinoma3 trials

Chronic Graft Versus Host Disease3 trials

Leukemia3 trials

Memory2 trials

Chronic Hepatitis2 trials

Metastatic Cancer2 trials

Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathy2 trials

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus2 trials

Relapsed/Refractory2 trials

Renal Carcinoma2 trials

Solid Tumor2 trials

Myelodysplastic Syndromes1 trial

Dendritic Cell1 trial

Infection1 trial

Chronic GVHD1 trial

Myeloid Diseases1 trial

Immune Checkpoint Blockade1 trial

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis1 trial

Multiple Sclerosis1 trial

Thalassemia1 trial

Immune System1 trial

Mesothelioma1 trial

Relapsed or Refractory Hematologic Malignancies1 trial

Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma1 trial

HIV Seropositive1 trial

Dermatomyositis1 trial

Immunosuppression1 trial

HIV1 trial

Pulmonary Tuberculosis1 trial

HIV infection1 trial

Gastrointestinal1 trial

Lung Cancer1 trial

Transplantation1 trial

Rectum Cancer1 trial

Pleural Mesothelioma1 trial

Lymphoid Malignancies1 trial

B-cell Malignancies1 trial

Organ Preservation1 trial

Relapsing Polychondritis1 trial

Epstein Barr Virus1 trial

Alopecia Areata1 trial

Phase II Clinical Trial1 trial

Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia1 trial

Soft Tissue Sarcoma1 trial

Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation1 trial

Macrophage Activation Syndrome1 trial

Brain Cancer1 trial

Antiretroviral Treatment1 trial

Liver Transplant1 trial

Advanced Refractory Solid Tumors1 trial

Intraperitoneal1 trial

Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer1 trial

Refractory AML1 trial

T Cells1 trial

Phase 21 trial

Patients With Solid Tumors1 trial

HIV-1 infection1 trial

Squamous Cell Carcinoma1 trial

Stage IV Renal Cell Cancer1 trial

APL1 trial

Systemic1 trial

Solid Tumors1 trial

Head and Neck Cancers1 trial

Recurrent or Metastatic Solid Tumors1 trial