Forane

(Isoflurane)

ApprovedSmall molecule

Isoflurane is an inhaled anesthetic gas used to put patients to sleep during surgery and keep them unconscious throughout the procedure.[2] Forane is currently approved and in use across 16 indications[4].[1]

Forane is one of 372 small molecule programs targeting Hydrocephalus. It is currently in Approved.

Indications

Total Trials

Active Trials

371

Competitors

FDA Application

NDA/BLA/ANDA regulatory filings

Pipeline

Status by Indication[4][1]

Indication

HydrocephalusActive, not recruiting

Respiratory FailureApproved

AneurysmActive, not recruiting

DeliriumActive, not recruiting

HematomaActive, not recruiting

Kidney TransplantActive, not recruiting

SepsisActive, not recruiting

Oxidative StressActive, not recruiting

Nausea and VomitingActive, not recruiting

COVID-19Approved

HydrocephalusPhase 3

Active, not recruiting

Respiratory FailureApproved

Approved

AneurysmPreclinical

Active, not recruiting

DeliriumPhase 3

Active, not recruiting

HematomaApproved

Active, not recruiting

Kidney TransplantPhase 2

Active, not recruiting

SepsisPreclinical

Active, not recruiting

Oxidative StressPreclinical

Active, not recruiting

Nausea and VomitingPreclinical

Active, not recruiting

COVID-19Approved

Approved

Showing 10 of 15 indications

Competition

Competitive Landscape

1931 competitors in COVID-19

#DrugCompanyPhaseTrials

Forane

BBaxter Healthcare Corporation

Approved

52 2

Singulair

AstraZeneca

Preclinical

1 3

Nitrostat

VViatris Specialty LLC

Preclinical

1 4

Orap

Teva

Preclinical

1 5

Biological Data

UUniversity Hospital, Bordeaux

Preclinical

3 6

DAS181

AAnsun Biopharma, Inc.

Preclinical

4 7

C21

VVicore Pharma AB

Preclinical

3 8

CAP-1002

CCapricor Inc.

Preclinical

2 9

NO Inhalation

SShanghai Zhongshan Hospital

Preclinical

1 10

SARS-Cov-2 Bivalent MRNA Vaccine

AAIM Vaccine Co., Ltd.

Preclinical

Ranked by pipeline maturity and clinical activity. Current drug highlighted in teal.

Timeline

Expected Milestones

Q3 2026

N/ANot yet recruiting

Hypotension

NCT07460050

Q4 2026

Phase 3Recruiting

Delirium

NCT06624592

Q1 2027

N/ARecruiting

Sedation

NCT06311604

Q4 2027

ApprovedRecruiting

Sedation

NCT07000526

Clinical

Trials by Indication[1]

Sedation8 trials

Efficacy and Safety of Inhaled Isoflurane Delivered Via the Sedaconda ACD-S Compared to Intravenous Propofol for Sedation of Mechanically Ventilated Intensive Care Unit Adult Patients (INSPiRE-ICU2)

Completed·SSedana Medical·Phase 3·NCT05327296·282 enrolled

AnaConDa Long Term Sedation Study

Completed·UUniversity Health Network, Toronto·N/A·NCT01983800·60 enrolled

Evaluation of the Safety of Inhaled Sedation With Isoflurane in Head Trauma Patients

Recruiting·UUniversity Hospital, Grenoble·N/A·NCT06311604·30 enrolled

Show 5 more trials

Efficacy and Safety of Inhaled Isoflurane Delivered Via the Sedaconda ACD-S Compared to Intravenous Propofol for Sedation of Mechanically Ventilated Intensive Care Unit Adult Patients (INSPiRE-ICU1)

Completed·SSedana Medical·Phase 3·NCT05312385·277 enrolled

Different Volatile Anaesthetics and the Depth of Long Term ICU Sedation

Completed·RRuhr University of Bochum·N/A·NCT03860129·30 enrolled

Effect & Safety of Inhaled Isoflurane vs IV Midazolam for Sedation in Mechanically Ventilated Children 3-17 Years Old

Completed·SSedana Medical·Phase 3·NCT04684238·94 enrolled

Expanded Access for Inhaled Isoflurane Delivered Via the Sedaconda ACD-S for Sedation of Difficult-to-Sedate Adult Mechanically Ventilated Intensive Care Unit Patients

Available·SSedana Medical··NCT07457593

Inhaled Sedation in Critically Ill Patients: a Multicentre Randomized Clinical Trial

Recruiting·IInstituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario La Paz·Approved·NCT07000526·620 enrolled

Anesthesia3 trials

Post Anesthesia Emergence and Behavioral Changes in Children Undergoing MRI

Terminated·SState University of New York at Buffalo·Phase 4·NCT02111447·6 enrolled

Ventilatory Effect on Speed of Anesthesia Under Various Inhaled Anesthetics

Completed·—·N/A·NCT01171833·36 enrolled

Volatile Versus Propofol Anesthesia in OPCAB

Completed·SSamsung Medical Center··NCT02222142·1,080 enrolled

Tics2 trials

Effect of Anesthetics on Troponin I and С-reactive Protein

Completed·—·Phase 1·NCT05742789·255 enrolled

Inhaled Anesthetics and Myocardial Strain

Completed·UUnknown Sponsor·Phase 1·NCT03569085·26 enrolled

Delirium2 trials

Comparison of Postoperative Delirium in Patients Anaesthetised With Isoflurane and Desflurane During Spinal Surgery

Completed·PPost Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh·Phase 4·NCT02925611·60 enrolled

Sevoflurane/Dexmedetomidine vs. Isoflurane for Pediatric Emergence Delirium

Recruiting·MMayo Clinic·Phase 3·NCT06624592·400 enrolled

Open Heart Surgery2 trials

Influence of Anesthesia on Mechanical Efficiency of Left Ventricle in Patients Undergoing Open Heart Surgery

Terminated·SSheba Medical Center·Phase 4·NCT01397331·28 enrolled

Cardioprotective Effect of Ketamine-dexmeditomidine Versus Fentanyl-midazolam in Open Heart Surgery in Pediatrics

Completed·—·Phase 1·NCT05314569·81 enrolled

33 more indications

Dexmedetomidine2 trials

Dexmedetomidine Influence on the Level of Perioperative Blood Glucose and Insulin of Elderly Diabetes Patients

Unknown status·SSecond Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University·Phase 4·NCT02154074·92 enrolled

Effect of Dexmedetomidine Upon Sleep Postoperatively

Withdrawn·—·Phase 4·NCT00333632

Cardiac Surgery2 trials

The Effects of Sevoflurane, Isoflurane and Propofol During Cardiac Surgery

Completed·—·Phase 1·NCT05695287·89 enrolled

Influence of Anesthetics on Clinical Outcome During Cardiac Surgery in Adults

Completed·—·N/A·NCT05693428·90 enrolled

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome1 trial

Volatile Sedation for Patients With the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Recruiting·GGuy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust·Phase 2/3·NCT06014138·20 enrolled

Concentration1 trial

Automated Control of End-tidal Volatile Anesthetic Concentration

Completed·RRuhr University of Bochum·N/A·NCT02342509·63 enrolled

Kidney Transplant1 trial

Serun Fluoride and Kidney Transplant

Completed·—·Phase 2·NCT03373266·30 enrolled

Hydrocephalus1 trial

Isoflurane-induced Neuroinflammation in Children With Hydrocephalus

Terminated·NNationwide Children's Hospital·Phase 3·NCT02512809·25 enrolled

Nausea and vomiting1 trial

Real-time Decision Support for Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting (PONV) Prophylaxis

Completed·VVanderbilt University·N/A·NCT02625181·27,034 enrolled

Analgesic1 trial

The Ratio of Hypnotic to Analgesic Potency of Volatile Anesthetics

Completed·—·Phase 3·NCT03588429·90 enrolled

Natural Killer Cell1 trial

Influence of Epidural Analgesia on Natural Killer Cell (NK) Activity After Colonic Cancer Surgery

Unknown status·HHillel Yaffe Medical Center·N/A·NCT02326727·30 enrolled

Sepsis1 trial

Effects of Subanesthetic Isoflurane/Sevoflurane in 60% Oxygen on Clinical In-vitro Experimental Sepsis

Unknown status·—·N/A·NCT02185118·50 enrolled

Status Epilepticus1 trial

Multicenter Retrospective Study of Isoflurane in Refractory and Super-Refractory Status Epilepticus

Completed·HHopital of Melun··NCT05830864·66 enrolled

Blood Pressure1 trial

Decision Support for Intraoperative Low Blood Pressure

Completed·VVanderbilt University Medical Center·N/A·NCT02726620·22,435 enrolled

MPR1 trial

Volatile Anesthetic Choice and Duration of Hospitalization: A Quality Improvement and Cost-control Project

Completed·TThe Cleveland Clinic·N/A·NCT01379664·1,584 enrolled

Alzheimer's Disease1 trial

Markers of Alzheimers Disease After Propofol or Isoflurane Anesthesia

Completed·—·Phase 1·NCT01640275·105 enrolled

General Anesthesia1 trial

Neuronal Mechanisms of Sensory Processing During General Anesthesia

Unknown status·LLudwig-Maximilians - University of Munich·N/A·NCT00434382·768 enrolled

Subarachnoid Hemorrhage1 trial

Inhalatorial Sedation in Patient With Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (SAH) Versus Conventional Intravenous Sedation

Completed·AAzienda Ospedaliera San Gerardo di Monza·Phase 4·NCT00830843·13 enrolled

Vasodilation1 trial

Vasodilation Effect of Inhalational Anesthetics

Completed·NNanjing Medical University·N/A·NCT00815269·300 enrolled

Efficacy1 trial

Efficacy of Deep Anaesthesia With Isoflurane as a Fast-response Antidepressant Agent

Unknown status·UUniversity of Sao Paulo·Phase 2·NCT04171193·30 enrolled

Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy1 trial

Pain After Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy

Completed·—·N/A·NCT00983918·80 enrolled

Hematoma1 trial

Comparison of Total Intravenous Anesthesia vs. Inhalational Anesthesia in Acute Subdural Hematoma Patients

Completed·JJawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education & Research·Phase 4·NCT03146104·90 enrolled

Cardiopulmonary Bypass1 trial

Sevoflurane and Isoflurane - During Cardiopulmonary Bypass With the MECC System (Minimized Extracorporeal Circuit)

Completed·UUniversity Hospital, Basel, Switzerland·Phase 4·NCT01601795·30 enrolled

Quality of Recovery1 trial

Comparing Quality of Recovery Between Desflurane & Isoflurane in Eye Surgery Patients at Dr George Mukhari Acad Hospital

Completed·—·N/A·NCT04188314·170 enrolled

Nephrectomy1 trial

PaNeX: Partial Nephrectomy Under Xenon

Completed·RRWTH Aachen University·Phase 3·NCT01839084·46 enrolled

Aneurysm1 trial

The Effects of Anesthesia on Patients Undergoing Surgery for Repair of a Thoracoabdominal Aneurysm.

Terminated·JJohns Hopkins University·N/A·NCT01772537·14 enrolled

Neurodevelopment1 trial

The Effect of Anesthesia on Neurodevelopmental Outcome (NDO)

Completed·SStanford University·N/A·NCT03882788·153 enrolled

Oxidative Stress1 trial

Impact of Isoflurane and Sevoflurane on Oxidative Stress in Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy

Recruiting·—·N/A·NCT07152912·80 enrolled

Hypotension1 trial

Comparison of Two Sedative Agents in Terms of Controlled Hypotension

Not yet recruiting·HHayatabad Medical Complex·N/A·NCT07460050·136 enrolled

Aortic Valve Replacement1 trial

Influence of Anesthetics on Clinical Outcome in Mitral and Aortic Valve Replacement in Adults

Completed·—·Phase 3·NCT05696509·75 enrolled

Recovery1 trial

Desflurane Versus Isoflurane for Speeding Postanesthetic Recovery and Hospital Discharge

Withdrawn·TThe Cleveland Clinic·N/A·NCT06252207

Sevoflurane1 trial

Comparison of Sevoflurane and Isoflurane Anesthesia for Benign Breast Tumor Excision

Completed·NNanjing Medical University·Phase 4·NCT00575354·500 enrolled

Inhalational Anesthesia1 trial

Intravenous Versus Inhalational Anesthesia in Parkinson's Disease

Terminated·—·N/A·NCT00615472·58 enrolled

Liver Resection1 trial

Isoflurane Preconditioning for Liver Resections

Terminated·RRutgers, The State University of New Jersey·N/A·NCT01031550·8 enrolled

General Anaesthesia1 trial

Sevoflurane vs. Isoflurane for Low-Flow General Anaesthesia for Abdominal Surgery

Completed·—·N/A·NCT00521612·82 enrolled

Regulatory

FDA Approval Timeline[5]

Jan 1, 1982

FORANE

NDA NDA017624

Sources

References

[1]
ClinicalTrials.gov — 52 trial records for Isoflurane. U.S. National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.
[2]
MedlinePlus Drug Information — Forane drug information. U.S. National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.
[3]
ChEMBL — Isoflurane compound record. European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI).
[4]
Open Targets Platform — Drug–disease associations for Isoflurane. EMBL-EBI & Wellcome Sanger Institute.
[5]
OpenFDA — FDA approval records (NDA NDA017624). U.S. Food & Drug Administration.
[6]
SEC EDGAR — Baxter Healthcare Corporation company filings. U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.

Details

Drug Info

Quick Facts

Mechanism of Action: Potassium Channel Subfamily K Member 2 Opener; Potassium Channel Subfamily K Member 9 Opener; GABA-a Receptor; Anion Channel Positive Allosteric Modulator; Glycine Receptor (alpha-1/beta) Positive Modulator; Potassium Channel Subfamily K Member 10 Opener; Potassium Channel Subfamily K Member 18 Opener; Potassium Channel Subfamily K Member 3 Opener[3]
Modality: Small molecule[3]
Highest Phase: Approved[1]
Company: BBaxter Healthcare Corporation

Forane

Status by Indication[4][1]

Competitive Landscape

Expected Milestones

Q3 2026

Q4 2026

Q1 2027

Q4 2027

Trials by Indication[1]

Sedation8 trials

Anesthesia3 trials

Tics2 trials

Delirium2 trials

Open Heart Surgery2 trials

Dexmedetomidine2 trials

Cardiac Surgery2 trials

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome1 trial

Concentration1 trial

Kidney Transplant1 trial

Hydrocephalus1 trial

Nausea and vomiting1 trial

Analgesic1 trial

Natural Killer Cell1 trial

Sepsis1 trial

Status Epilepticus1 trial

Blood Pressure1 trial

MPR1 trial

Alzheimer's Disease1 trial

General Anesthesia1 trial

Subarachnoid Hemorrhage1 trial

Vasodilation1 trial

Efficacy1 trial

Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy1 trial

Hematoma1 trial

Cardiopulmonary Bypass1 trial

Quality of Recovery1 trial

Nephrectomy1 trial

Aneurysm1 trial

Neurodevelopment1 trial

Oxidative Stress1 trial

Hypotension1 trial

Aortic Valve Replacement1 trial

Recovery1 trial

Sevoflurane1 trial

Inhalational Anesthesia1 trial

Liver Resection1 trial

General Anaesthesia1 trial

FDA Approval Timeline[5]

References

Drug Info

Quick Facts

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