Actos

(Pioglitazone)

ApprovedSmall molecule

Pioglitazone is used to help control blood sugar levels in people with type 2 diabetes by making the body more sensitive to insulin. It is often prescribed when diet, exercise, and other diabetes medications alone are not enough to manage blood sugar.[2] Actos is currently approved and in use across 75 indications[4].[1]

Actos is one of 1363 small molecule programs targeting Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. It is currently in Approved.

Indications

343

Total Trials

Active Trials

1,362

Competitors

FDA Applications

NDA/BLA/ANDA regulatory filings

Pipeline

Status by Indication[4][1]

Indication

Polycystic Ovary SyndromeCompleted

Brain CancerApproved

Cocaine Use DisorderApproved

Non-Alcoholic SteatohepatitisApproved

Diabetes MellitusActive, not recruiting

Glioblastoma MultiformeApproved

Mood DisorderActive, not recruiting

Impaired Glucose ToleranceActive, not recruiting

AtherosclerosisActive, not recruiting

Oxidative StressActive, not recruiting

Polycystic Ovary SyndromeApproved

Completed

Brain CancerApproved

Approved

Cocaine Use DisorderApproved

Approved

Non-Alcoholic SteatohepatitisApproved

Approved

Diabetes MellitusApproved

Active, not recruiting

Glioblastoma MultiformeApproved

Approved

Mood DisorderApproved

Active, not recruiting

Impaired Glucose ToleranceApproved

Active, not recruiting

AtherosclerosisApproved

Active, not recruiting

Oxidative StressApproved

Active, not recruiting

Showing 10 of 75 indications

Competition

Competitive Landscape

744 competitors in Breast Cancer

#DrugCompanyPhaseTrials

Actos

Takeda

Approved

2 2

Zolymbus

AbbVie

Preclinical

1 3

MS Contin

HHikma Pharmaceuticals LLC

Preclinical

3 4

Spravato

WWim Janssens

Preclinical

2 5

Acupan

YYonsei University

Preclinical

1 6

Chantix

PPrism Pharmaceuticals

Preclinical

1 7

Paracetamol

GSK

Preclinical

1 8

Ablavar

LLantheus Medical Imaging

Preclinical

2 9

Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide

Boehringer Ingelheim

Preclinical

1 10

Gadolinium-Chelate

MM.D. Anderson Cancer Center

Preclinical

Ranked by pipeline maturity and clinical activity. Current drug highlighted in teal.

Timeline

Expected Milestones

Q4 2026

Post-ApprovalRecruiting

Atherosclerosis

NCT06399835

Q3 2027

Phase 2Recruiting

NASH

NCT04501406

Phase 3Recruiting

Diabetes Mellitus

NCT05028140

Q4 2027

Post-ApprovalNot yet recruiting

Diabetes

NCT06657209

Phase 1Recruiting

Hyperinsulinemia

NCT05753657

Q1 2030

Post-ApprovalRecruiting

Diabetes Mellitus

NCT05838287

Clinical

Trials by Indication[1]

Type 2 Diabetes30 trials

Efficacy and Safety of Alogliptin in Participants With Type 2 Diabetes

Completed· Takeda logo

Takeda·Phase 3·NCT01289119·506 enrolled

Study In Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Who Are Taking Metformin And Sulfonylurea, Metformin And Insulin, Or Insulin

Completed· GSK logo

GSK·Phase 1·NCT00269061·32 enrolled

A Placebo Controlled Safety and Efficacy Study of MSDC-0160 in Type 2 Diabetes With Active Comparator

Completed·MMetabolic Solutions Development Company·Phase 2·NCT00760578·86 enrolled

Show 27 more trials

A Study to Determine the Safety and Efficacy of Albiglutide in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes

Completed· GSK logo

GSK·Phase 3·NCT00839527·685 enrolled

Response of Gut Microbiota in Type 2 Diabetes to Hypoglycemic Agents

Unknown status·PPeking Union Medical College Hospital·Phase 4·NCT04287387·180 enrolled

A Study of Taspoglutide Versus Pioglitazone in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes

Completed· Roche logo

Roche·Phase 3·NCT00909597·756 enrolled

Effect of Inhaled Insulin (AERx® iDMS) on Blood Glucose Control in Type 2 Diabetes

Terminated· Novo Nordisk logo

Novo Nordisk·Phase 3·NCT00411892·196 enrolled

Efficacy of Pioglitazone on Microcirculation in Type 2 Diabetes Patients Treated With Insulin

Completed· Takeda logo

Takeda·Phase 2·NCT00676260·29 enrolled

Efficacy and Safety of Vildagliptin in Combination With Pioglitazone in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes

Completed· Novartis logo

Novartis·Phase 3·NCT00099853·362 enrolled

Comparison of the Efficacy and Safety Between Pioglitazone and Placebo Added to Combination Therapy in Type 2 Diabetes

Unknown status·NNational Cheng-Kung University Hospital·Phase 4·NCT00991055·40 enrolled

A Phase III Study of BMS-512148 (Dapagliflozin) in Asian Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Who Are Not Well Controlled on Metformin Alone

Completed· AstraZeneca logo

AstraZeneca·Phase 3·NCT01095666·1,484 enrolled

Safety and Efficacy of Exenatide Once Weekly Injection Versus Metformin, Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitor, or Thiazolidinedione as Monotherapy in Drug-Naive Patients With Type 2 Diabetes (DURATION-4)

Completed· AstraZeneca logo

AstraZeneca·Phase 3·NCT00676338·820 enrolled

Metformin and Pioglitazone Effects on Fetuin-A and Osteoprotegrin Concentrations in Type 2 Diabetes Patients

Completed·TTehran University of Medical Sciences·N/A·NCT02027103·102 enrolled

GLAD: Dose-Finding, Efficacy, and Safety of AZ 242 (Tesaglitazar) in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes

Completed· AstraZeneca logo

AstraZeneca·Phase 2·NCT00280865·500 enrolled

A Phase 3 Study of BMS-477118 in Combination With Metformin in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Who Are Not Controlled With Diet and Exercise

Completed· AstraZeneca logo

AstraZeneca·Phase 3·NCT00327015·1,306 enrolled

Extension to a Study on the Efficacy and Safety of Vildagliptin in Combination With Pioglitazone in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes

Completed· Novartis logo

Novartis·Phase 3·NCT00138554·318 enrolled

Efficacy of Pioglitazone on Macrovascular Outcome in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes

Completed· Takeda logo

Takeda·Phase 3·NCT00174993·4,373 enrolled

Effect of Pioglitazone Versus Metformin on Bone Health in Postmenopausal Women With Type 2 Diabetes

Completed·KKing Abdulaziz University·Phase 2·NCT01935804·440 enrolled

GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Lixisenatide in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes for Glycemic Control and Safety Evaluation, on Top of Pioglitazone

Completed· Sanofi logo

Sanofi·Phase 3·NCT00763815·484 enrolled

Adipose Tissue Heterogeneity and Its Link to Type 2 Diabetes

Recruiting·KKarolinska Institutet·N/A·NCT05501483·60 enrolled

Study of Muraglitazar Versus Pioglitazone in Type 2 Diabetes

Completed· Bristol-Myers Squibb logo

Bristol-Myers Squibb·Phase 3·NCT00106808·1,440 enrolled

Study In People With Type 2 Diabetes

Completed· GSK logo

GSK·Phase 2·NCT00196989·448 enrolled

Biphasic Insulin Aspart 30 in Type 2 Diabetes Failing OAD Therapy

Completed· Novo Nordisk logo

Novo Nordisk·Phase 3·NCT00598793·242 enrolled

A Study of Aleglitazar in Type 2 Diabetes Patients With Moderate Renal Impairment

Completed· Roche logo

Roche·Phase 2·NCT01043029·302 enrolled

Comparison of Metformin and Pioglitazone Effects on Adipokines Concentrations in Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Patients

Completed·TTehran University of Medical Sciences·N/A·NCT01593371·98 enrolled

A Dose-Range Finding Study in Participants With Type 2 Diabetes (MK-3102-006)

Completed· Merck & Co. logo

Merck & Co.·Phase 2·NCT01217073·685 enrolled

Placebo and Active Controlled Study of Rivoglitazone in Type 2 Diabetes

Completed· Daiichi Sankyo logo

Daiichi Sankyo·Phase 2/3·NCT00143520·441 enrolled

Targeting Beta-cell Failure in Lean Patients With Type 2 Diabetes

Completed·UUniversity of Leeds·Phase 4·NCT04657939·57 enrolled

Pioglitazone Study of Triglyceride Changes in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes After Conversion From Rosiglitazone.

Completed· Takeda logo

Takeda·Phase 4·NCT00672919·305 enrolled

Comparison of Pioglitazone Versus Glimepiride in Type 2 Diabetes Inadequately Controlled With Metformin Plus Alogliptin

Unknown status·PPusan National University Hospital·Phase 4·NCT02426294·154 enrolled

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus21 trials

Preservation of Beta-cell Function in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Completed·UUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical Center·N/A·NCT00232583·58 enrolled

Molecular Mechanisms of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Completed·TThe University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio·Phase 4·NCT00816218·39 enrolled

Efficacy, Safety and Tolerability of Pioglitazone-Azilsartan in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Terminated· Takeda logo

Takeda·Phase 3·NCT00376181·96 enrolled

Show 18 more trials

Efficacy Study of Pioglitazone Compared to Glimepiride on Coronary Atherosclerotic Disease Progression in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Completed· Takeda logo

Takeda·Phase 3·NCT00225277·547 enrolled

Efficacy and Safety of TAK-379 in Adult Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Terminated· Takeda logo

Takeda·Phase 2·NCT00722917·323 enrolled

A Study in Participants With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Completed· Eli Lilly logo

Eli Lilly·Phase 3·NCT01064687·978 enrolled

A Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of CCX140-B in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Completed· Amgen logo

Amgen·Phase 2·NCT01028963·159 enrolled

Metformin Add-on Study in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (0431-020)(COMPLETED)

Completed· Merck & Co. logo

Merck & Co.·Phase 3·NCT00086515·701 enrolled

Efficacy of Pioglitazone Compared to Glyburide in Treating Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Mild Cardiac Disease

Completed· Takeda logo

Takeda·Phase 3·NCT00521742·300 enrolled

Dose-Ranging Study in Treatment Naive Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus(T2DM)

Completed· GSK logo

GSK·Phase 2·NCT00500331·334 enrolled

Efficacy and Safety of Pioglitazone and Metformin Combination Therapy in Treating Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Completed· Takeda logo

Takeda·Phase 3·NCT00727857·600 enrolled

Adding Sitagliptin or Pioglitazone to Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Insufficiently Controlled With Metformin and Sulfonylurea

Completed·SSung-Chen Liu·Phase 4·NCT01195090·120 enrolled

Efficacy and Safety of Pioglitazone and Azilsartan in Treating Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Completed· Takeda logo

Takeda·Phase 2·NCT00762736·704 enrolled

Study of Alogliptin Combined With Pioglitazone in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Completed· Takeda logo

Takeda·Phase 3·NCT00286494·493 enrolled

Efficacy of Alogliptin and Pioglitazone in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Completed· Takeda logo

Takeda·Phase 3·NCT00432276·803 enrolled

Colesevelam as Add-on to Pioglitazone Therapy for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Completed· Daiichi Sankyo logo

Daiichi Sankyo·Phase 3·NCT00789750·562 enrolled

A Comparison of Two Treatment Strategies in Older Participants With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM)

Terminated· Eli Lilly logo

Eli Lilly·Phase 4·NCT02072096·192 enrolled

A Study of Taspoglutide Versus Placebo for the Treatment of Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Inadequately Controlled With Metformin Plus Pioglitazone.

Completed· Roche logo

Roche·Phase 3·NCT00744367·326 enrolled

Pioglitazone Special Drug Use Surveillance "Metabolic Syndrome in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus"

Completed· Takeda logo

Takeda··NCT02002975·18,223 enrolled

Investigate the Effect of AZD1656 on the Pharmacokinetics of Pioglitazone and Vice Versa in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Completed· AstraZeneca logo

AstraZeneca·Phase 1·NCT01082120·28 enrolled

Study of Rivoglitazone in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Completed· Daiichi Sankyo logo

Daiichi Sankyo·Phase 3·NCT00484198·1,912 enrolled

Insulin resistance10 trials

A Clinical Trial to Prevent the Complications of Insulin Resistance (Including Type-2 Diabetes)

Completed·NNational Center for Research Resources (NCRR)·Phase 2·NCT00015626·300 enrolled

Pioglitazone vs. Placebo in Association With Pegylated Interferon and Ribavirin in HCV Patients With Insulin Resistance

Terminated·FFrench National Agency for Research on AIDS and Viral Hepatitis·Phase 3·NCT00927290·40 enrolled

Effect of Pioglitazone on Insulin Resistance and Atherosclerosis in Renal Allograft Recipients Without Diabetes

Completed·YYonsei University·N/A·NCT00598013·83 enrolled

Show 7 more trials

Insulin Resistance and Androgen Deprivation Therapy

Withdrawn·SSt. Louis University·Phase 2·NCT04995978

Pioglitazone for the Treatment of Bipolar Disorder and Comorbid Metabolic Syndrome or Insulin Resistance

Completed·UUniversity Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center·Phase 4·NCT00835120·34 enrolled

Pioglitazone Therapy in Obese Children With Insulin Resistance: A Randomized, Controlled Pilot Study

Withdrawn·UUniversity of Minnesota·Phase 4·NCT00775164

Insulin Resistance Intervention After Stroke Trial

Completed·YYale University·Phase 3·NCT00091949·3,876 enrolled

Insulin Resistance and Central Nervous System (CNS) Function in Type 2 Diabetes

Completed·NNational Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)·Phase 4·NCT00212290·140 enrolled

Pioglitazone Before Peginterferon and Ribavirin for Hepatitis C Infection in HIV/HCV-Coinfected Patients With Insulin Resistance

Completed·AAdvancing Clinical Therapeutics Globally for HIV/AIDS and Other Infections·Phase 2·NCT00665353·19 enrolled

Obesity, Sleep Apnea, and Insulin Resistance

Completed·SStanford University·N/A·NCT02192684·45 enrolled

Type 2 Diabetic Patients5 trials

A Study to Assess the Efficacy and Safety of ASP1941 in Combination With Pioglitazone in Type 2 Diabetic Patients

Completed· Astellas logo

Astellas·Phase 3·NCT01225081·152 enrolled

Study to Evaluate the Safety, Tolerability and Efficacy of Three Dose Levels of Mitoglitazone in Type 2 Diabetic Patients

Completed·MMetabolic Solutions Development Company·Phase 2·NCT01103414·356 enrolled

Abdominal Adipose Tissue Distribution in Type 2 Diabetic Patients Treated During 6 Months With Pioglitazone or Insulin

Terminated·AAssistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris·N/A·NCT00159211·28 enrolled

Show 2 more trials

Effect of Different Interventions on Glycemic Control and β-cell Function in Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetic Patients

Completed·SSun Yat-sen University·N/A·NCT01147627·416 enrolled

Triple Therapy in Type 2 Diabetic Patients

Unknown status·UUniversity of Pavia·Phase 4·NCT01895569·64 enrolled

Diabetes4 trials

Comparison of Lobeglitazone With Pioglitazone as Initial Triple Therapy for Diabetes Management

Unknown status·SSeoul National University Bundang Hospital·Phase 4·NCT02315287·190 enrolled

Normal-weight Diabetes: Adipocyte-directed Therapy with Pioglitazone or Tirzepatide

Not yet recruiting·SStanford University·Phase 4·NCT06657209·104 enrolled

Role of Pioglitazone in Preventing Diabetes

Completed·—·Phase 1·NCT00276497

Show 1 more trial

Ketosis Prone Diabetes in African-Americans

Completed·EEmory University··NCT00426413·44 enrolled

97 more indications

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome4 trials

Pioglitazone Versus Metformin as First Treatment in Infertile Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Completed·—·Phase 1·NCT03566225·400 enrolled

A Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy, Tolerability, and Safety of a Fixed Dose Combination of Spironolactone, Pioglitazone & Metformin (SPIOMET) in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)

Recruiting·FFundació Sant Joan de Déu·Phase 2·NCT05394142·364 enrolled

Pioglitazone Treatment in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Completed·OOdense University Hospital·Phase 4·NCT00145340·30 enrolled

Show 1 more trial

Cortisol Regulation in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)

Completed·OOregon Health and Science University·N/A·NCT00694759·37 enrolled

Alcohol4 trials

A Study of Pleiotropic Pioglitazone Effects on the Alcoholic Lung (APPEAL Study)

Terminated·EEmory University·Phase 2·NCT03060772·50 enrolled

Pentoxifylline Versus Pioglitazone In Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatiti (NASH)

Unknown status·GGovind Ballabh Pant Hospital·N/A·NCT00681733·20 enrolled

Effects of Pioglitazone on Stress Reactivity and Alcohol Craving (Pilot)

Terminated·TThe University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston·Phase 1/2·NCT03860753·4 enrolled

Show 1 more trial

Role of Proinflammatory Signaling in Alcohol Craving

Terminated·NNational Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA)·Phase 2·NCT01631630·16 enrolled

Diabetes Mellitus4 trials

Pioglitazone Protects Diabetes Mellitus (DM) Patients Against Re-Infarction (PPAR Study)

Terminated·NNational Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Japan·Phase 4·NCT00212004·630 enrolled

Pioglitazone on Heart Failure in Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus Participants

Recruiting·TThe University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio·Phase 4·NCT05838287·78 enrolled

Efficacy and Safety of Piemonte Association in the Treatment of Type II Diabetes Mellitus

Recruiting·EEMS·Phase 3·NCT05028140·480 enrolled

Show 1 more trial

Cohort Study of Pioglitazone and Cancer Incidence in Participants With Diabetes Mellitus.

Completed· Takeda logo

Takeda··NCT02958956·236,507 enrolled

Hepatitis4 trials

Safety and Efficacy of Roflumilast and Pioglitazone in Treating Adults With Nonalcoholic SteatoHepatitis

Terminated· AstraZeneca logo

AstraZeneca·Phase 2·NCT01703260·20 enrolled

Pioglitazone vs Vitamin E vs Placebo for Treatment of Non-Diabetic Patients With Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis (PIVENS)

Completed·NNational Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)·Phase 3·NCT00063622·247 enrolled

Treatment of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis With Pioglitazone

Completed·NNational Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)·Phase 2·NCT00013598·30 enrolled

Show 1 more trial

The Efficacy and Safety of Pioglitazone in Patients With Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis

Completed·KKaohsiung Medical University Chung-Ho Memorial Hospital·Phase 2·NCT01068444·90 enrolled

Prevention3 trials

PIoglitazone for PrEvention of Restenosis in Diabetic Patients

Unknown status·UUniversity of Rome Tor Vergata·Phase 3·NCT00376870·160 enrolled

Actos Now for Prevention of Diabetes (ACT NOW)

Completed·TThe University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio·Phase 3·NCT00220961·602 enrolled

Prevention of Instent Renarrowing With Aggressive Glucose Lowering With Pioglitazone in Diabetic Patients

Completed·QQueen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre·Phase 4·NCT00819325·50 enrolled

Metformin3 trials

Study Assessing Saxagliptin Treatment In Type 2 Diabetic Subjects Who Are Not Controlled With Metformin Alone

Completed· AstraZeneca logo

AstraZeneca·Phase 3·NCT00121667·1,462 enrolled

Pioglitazone and Metformin in Diabetic Children

Completed·CCoordinación de Investigación en Salud, Mexico·Phase 1/2·NCT01396564·56 enrolled

Glycemic Durability After Metformin Failure

Unknown status·UUniversity of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli·Phase 4·NCT02142309·450 enrolled

Treatment3 trials

Effect Of Exenatide Treatment on Liver Fat Content in Patients With Diabetes

Completed·—·Phase 4·NCT01432405·24 enrolled

Pioglitazone Tablets Special Drug Use Surveillance "Combined Use of Insulin Products / Long-term Treatment"

Completed· Takeda logo

Takeda··NCT02068508·1,067 enrolled

Pioglitazone Tablets Special Drug Use Surveillance "Combined Use of Biguanides / Long-term Treatment"

Completed· Takeda logo

Takeda··NCT02003014·899 enrolled

Renal Transplant2 trials

Influence of Pioglitazone for Renal Transplant Function in Diabetics

Completed·TTechnische Universität Dresden·Phase 3·NCT00507494

Glucose Control in Pre-Diabetic Renal Transplant Patients

Completed·MMarcus Saemann·Phase 2·NCT01346254·51 enrolled

Function2 trials

Pioglitazone on Cardiac Function and Large Arteries (PICCOLA Study)

Completed·IImperial College London·Phase 4·NCT00485056·24 enrolled

Safety Study of Pioglitazone Compared To Glyburide on Liver Function

Completed· Takeda logo

Takeda·Phase 4·NCT00494312·2,120 enrolled

Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease2 trials

Insulin Resistance in Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Terminated·VVA Office of Research and Development·N/A·NCT01289639·11 enrolled

Role of Pioglitazone and Berberine in Treatment of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Completed·XXin Gao·Phase 2·NCT00633282·184 enrolled

Interaction2 trials

Drug-drug Interaction Study With MDV3100 and a Cocktail of Substrates

Completed· Astellas logo

Astellas·Phase 1·NCT01911728·14 enrolled

Drug-drug Interaction Study of GSK1278863 With Pioglitazone, Rosuvastatin and Trimethoprim in Healthy Adult Volunteers

Completed· GSK logo

GSK·Phase 1·NCT02371603·70 enrolled

Metabolic Syndrome2 trials

Exercise and Pioglitazone for HIV-Metabolic Syndromes

Completed·NNational Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)·N/A·NCT00639457·44 enrolled

Myocardial Function & FFA Metabolism in HIV Metabolic Syndrome

Completed·NNational Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)·N/A·NCT00656851·24 enrolled

Asthma2 trials

Pilot Study of Pioglitazone for the Treatment of Moderate to Severe Asthma in Obese Asthmatics

Completed·FFernando Holguin·Phase 2·NCT00634036·23 enrolled

Pilot Study of Pioglitazone for the Treatment of Moderate to Severe Asthma in Obese Asthmatics (Glitz Asthma)

Terminated·UUniversity of Vermont·Phase 2·NCT00787644·28 enrolled

Obesity2 trials

Mediators of Abnormal Reproductive Function in Obesity (MARO)

Completed·UUniversity of Colorado, Denver·Phase 1·NCT01817400·10 enrolled

Effect of Obesity-derived Cytokines on Protein Turnover and Carbohydrate Metabolism in Human Skeletal Muscle

Completed·UUniversity of Nottingham·N/A·NCT02305069·26 enrolled

Rheumatoid Arthritis2 trials

Skeletal Muscle Dysfunction in Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)

Completed·OOhio State University·Phase 1·NCT02535832·16 enrolled

Inflammation and Insulin Resistance in Rheumatoid Arthritis

Completed·VVanderbilt University·N/A·NCT00763139·34 enrolled

MPA1 trial

Comparison Between Pioglitazone and SES With type2 DM

Completed·SShowa University·Phase 2/3·NCT00482183·38 enrolled

Excretion1 trial

ARMOR (Analyzing Renal Mechanisms of Creatinine Excretion in Patients On tesaglitazaR)

Terminated· AstraZeneca logo

AstraZeneca·Phase 2·NCT00229684·100 enrolled

Atherosclerosis1 trial

Enavogliflozin vs. Pioglitazone on Glucose and Atherosclerosis

Recruiting·SSeoul National University Bundang Hospital·Phase 4·NCT06399835·120 enrolled

Psoriasis1 trial

Efficacy and Safety of Acitretin Plus Pioglitazone in Patients With Psoriasis

Completed·PPost Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh·Phase 2·NCT00395941·40 enrolled

Peripheral Arterial Disease1 trial

Study to Evaluate the Effect of Simvastatin, Losartan and Pioglitazone on Patients With Peripheral Arterial Disease.

Completed·MMedtronic Endovascular·Phase 1·NCT00720577·164 enrolled

Female1 trial

Bioavailability of BI 1356 With and Without Co-administration of Pioglitazone and the Bioavailability of Pioglitazone With and Without Coadministration of BI 1356 in Healthy Male and Female Volunteers

Completed· Boehringer Ingelheim logo

Boehringer Ingelheim·Phase 1·NCT02183337·20 enrolled

Prostate Cancer1 trial

Combined Antiinflammatory and Angiostatic Therapy in Patients With Hormone-refractory Prostate Cancer

Completed· Novartis logo

Novartis·Phase 2·NCT00427999·67 enrolled

Bipolar Depression1 trial

Pioglitazone for the Treatment of Bipolar Depression

Terminated·UUniversity Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center·Phase 4·NCT01717040·37 enrolled

Unknown status·KKorea University Anam Hospital·Phase 4·NCT01339143·80 enrolled

Empagliflozin1 trial

Efficacy of Empagliflozin and Pioglitazone in Diabetic Patients With NAFLD

Unknown status·JJinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre·Phase 4·NCT05942963·240 enrolled

Liver Disease1 trial

Antidiabetic Drugs for Steatotic Liver Disease

Completed·YYonsei University·Phase 4·NCT03646292·51 enrolled

Chronic Granulomatous Disease1 trial

Pioglitazone Therapy for Chronic Granulomatous Disease

Terminated·—·Phase 1/2·NCT03080480·3 enrolled

CLE1 trial

Insulin Signaling in Skeletal Muscle

Withdrawn·WWayne State University·Phase 2/3·NCT03452267

Adult1 trial

A Study to Evaluate the Pharmacokinetics and Safety Between "BR3006" and Co-administration of "BR3006A", "BR3006B", and "BR3006C" in Healthy Adult Volunteers (Fasting)

Recruiting· Boryung Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd logo

Boryung Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd·Phase 1·NCT07083388·52 enrolled

Adrenomyeloneuropathy1 trial

Effect of Pioglitazone Administered to Patients With Adrenomyeloneuropathy

Completed·—·Phase 2·NCT03864523·18 enrolled

Nephrolithiasis1 trial

Pathophysiology of Uric Acid Nephrolithiasis

Completed·UUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical Center·N/A·NCT00904046·172 enrolled

Statin1 trial

Pilot Mouthwash Study of Pioglitazone and Simvastatin in Healthy Volunteers

Completed·UUniversity Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center·N/A·NCT00531882·25 enrolled

Opioid Withdrawal1 trial

Pioglitazone to Treat Opioid Withdrawal Symptoms

Terminated·NNational Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA)·Phase 1·NCT01517165·24 enrolled

Thyroid Cancer1 trial

Pioglitazone in Thyroid Cancers

Completed·UUniversity of Michigan·Phase 2·NCT01655719·1 enrolled

Insulin Resistant1 trial

Effect of Pioglitazone vs Metformin on Clinical, Biochemical and Hormonal Parameters of Insulin Resistant PCOS

Completed·MMst.Sumyara Khatun·N/A·NCT07472179·60 enrolled

Concentration1 trial

Effects of Administration of Fostamatinib on Blood Concentrations of Pioglitazone in Healthy Subjects

Completed· AstraZeneca logo

AstraZeneca·Phase 1·NCT01309854·15 enrolled

Inclusion Body Myositis1 trial

Study of Pioglitazone in Sporadic Inclusion Body Myositis

Completed·JJohns Hopkins University·Phase 1·NCT03440034·19 enrolled

Coronary Atherosclerosis1 trial

Treatment of Coronary Atherosclerosis by Insulin Sensitizers in Insulin-Resistant Patients

Unknown status·NNational Taiwan University Hospital·Phase 4·NCT00155350·120 enrolled

Randomized Controlled Trial1 trial

A One-year Randomized Controlled Trial Evaluating the Impact of Pioglitazone Versus Linagliptin on Bone Turnover Markers

Unknown status·NNational Taiwan University Hospital·Phase 4·NCT02429232·160 enrolled

Refractory AML1 trial

Low-dose AZA, Pioglitazone, ATRA Versus Standard-dose AZA in Patients >=60 Years With Refractory AML

Terminated·UUniversity Hospital Regensburg·Phase 2·NCT02942758·10 enrolled

Chronic Hepatitis1 trial

Retreatment of Chronic Hepatitis C Non-responders With Pegylated Interferon Alpha Plus Ribavirin Plus Pioglitazone

Completed·UUniversity Hospital, Geneva·Phase 2·NCT00433069·5 enrolled

Mitochondria1 trial

"TAKE TIME" Pioglitazone Reverses Defects in Mitochondrial Biogenesis in Patients With T2DM

Completed·PPennington Biomedical Research Center·Phase 4·NCT00402012·24 enrolled

Non-Diabetic Patients1 trial

Effect of Pioglitazone on Oxidative Load, Inflammatory End-Points and Vascular Reactivity in Obese Non-Diabetic Patients: A Dose Ranging Study

Completed·UUniversity at Buffalo·Phase 4·NCT01161394·24 enrolled

HIV infection1 trial

Pioglitazone to Treat Fatty Liver in People With HIV Infection

Completed·NNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)·Phase 2·NCT00441272·100 enrolled

Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia1 trial

Safety and Efficiency Study of Pioglitazone in Combination With Imatinib Mesylate to Treat Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia

Unknown status·MMeng Li·Phase 2·NCT02687425·20 enrolled

Chronic Kidney Disease1 trial

Metabolic Effects of Thiazolidinediones in Chronic Kidney Disease

Terminated·VVanderbilt University·Phase 2·NCT00368017·12 enrolled

Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease1 trial

Effect of Canagliflozin on Liver Inflammation Damage in Type 2 Diabetes Patients With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Unknown status·FFirst Affiliated Hospital Xi'an Jiaotong University··NCT05513729·80 enrolled

Impaired glucose tolerance1 trial

Pioglitazone in Impaired Glucose Tolerance

Withdrawn·UUniversity of Leipzig·Phase 4·NCT00306826·120 enrolled

Subcutaneous Fat1 trial

Cellular Dynamics of Subcutaneous Fat Distribution in Obese Women

Completed·PPennington Biomedical Research Center·N/A·NCT01748994·63 enrolled

Bone1 trial

Effect of Thiazolidinediones on Human Bone

Completed·EEmory University·N/A·NCT00927355·10 enrolled

Skin Cancer1 trial

Preventing Squamous Cell Skin Cancer

Completed·UUniversity of Rochester·Phase 2·NCT02347813·12 enrolled

Humans1 trial

The Role of Acute Combined PPAR Alpha and Gamma Stimulation on Insulin Action in Humans

Completed·—·Phase 4·NCT00179400·26 enrolled

Insulin Sensitivity1 trial

The Effects of TZD on Fat Metabolism and Insulin Sensitivity in GH-Replaced GHD Patients

Completed·UUniversity of Aarhus·N/A·NCT00459940·20 enrolled

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus1 trial

Effect of Pioglitazone on Endothelial Function in Premenopausal Women With Uncomplicated Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Completed·NNational Heart Institute, Mexico·Phase 4·NCT01322308·30 enrolled

Lip1 trial

Does Pioglitazone Increase the Production of 15-EPI-Lipoxin A4?

Completed·—·Phase 4·NCT01040819·25 enrolled

Cocaine Dependence1 trial

PPARγ Agonist Treatment for Cocaine Dependence

Completed·TThe University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston·Phase 1/2·NCT02774343·30 enrolled

Combination Therapy1 trial

The Practical Evidence of Antidiabetic Combination Therapy in Korea

Completed·KKun-Ho Yoon·Phase 4·NCT02231021·216 enrolled

Congestive Heart Failure1 trial

Safety Comparison of Pioglitazone and Glyburide in Type 2 Diabetes Subjects With Mild to Moderate Congestive Heart Failure

Terminated· Takeda logo

Takeda·Phase 3·NCT00521820·518 enrolled

Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease1 trial

Use of Low Dose Pioglitazone to Treat Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease

Completed·IIndiana University·Phase 2·NCT02697617·18 enrolled

Schizophrenia1 trial

Pioglitazone as a Treatment for Lipid and Glucose Abnormalities In Patients With Schizophrenia

Completed·NNathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research·Phase 4·NCT00231894·56 enrolled

Endometriosis1 trial

Endometriosis: Immunomodulation

Withdrawn·UUniversity of Wisconsin, Madison·Phase 2/3·NCT01184144

Hepatitis C1 trial

Pioglitazone in Hepatitis C

Completed·UUniversity of Michigan·Phase 4·NCT00189163·40 enrolled

Dialysis Patients1 trial

Effect of Adipokines in Hemodialysis Patients

Completed·UUniversity of Utah·N/A·NCT01301027·95 enrolled

Hyperinsulinemia1 trial

A Pilot Study of Monitoring Insulin Levels and Treating Hyperinsulinemia and Hyperglycemia With Pioglitazone in Patients Treated With Alpelisib for Metastatic Breast Cancer.

Recruiting·RRambam Health Care Campus·Phase 1·NCT05753657·30 enrolled

Endothelial Function1 trial

Does Thiazolidinedione Therapy Improve Endothelial Function and Preserve Renal Function

Terminated·MMayo Clinic·N/A·NCT00586261·36 enrolled

Autoimmune Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis1 trial

Pioglitazone Therapy of Autoimmune Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis Autoimmune Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis

Completed·—·Phase 1·NCT03231033·3 enrolled

Cystic Fibrosis1 trial

Effect of Pioglitazone on Inflammation in Cystic Fibrosis

Completed·PPaul Beringer·Phase 1·NCT00719381·24 enrolled

Fatty Liver1 trial

Fatty Liver Study in Patients With Type II Diabetes

Terminated·TThe University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston·Phase 4·NCT02365233·5 enrolled

Oxycodone1 trial

Effects of Pioglitazone, a PPARgamma Receptor Agonist, on the Abuse Liability of Oxycodone

Completed·NNew York State Psychiatric Institute·Phase 2·NCT01395784·32 enrolled

Bone Health1 trial

Pioglitazone on Pancreatic Steatosis and Bone Health

Completed·UUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical Center·N/A·NCT00855010·42 enrolled

Lipodystrophy1 trial

HIV Acquired Lipodystrophy (HAL) Classification, Measurement and Fat Response to Thiazolidinedione (TZD) (Pioglitazone)

Completed·UUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical Center·N/A·NCT01023620·4 enrolled

Platelet Function1 trial

Effects of Pioglitazone on Platelet Function

Completed·UUniversity of Rochester·Phase 2·NCT00861341·40 enrolled

HIV1 trial

Metabolic Abnormalities in HIV-infected Persons

Completed·TTufts Medical Center·Phase 4·NCT01612858·20 enrolled

LAM1 trial

Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Pioglitazone

Completed·KKurume University·N/A·NCT00722631·70 enrolled

Ataxia1 trial

Effect of Pioglitazone Administered to Patients With Friedreich's Ataxia: Proof of Concept

Completed·AAssistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris·Phase 3·NCT00811681·40 enrolled

Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus1 trial

Effect of Pioglitazone on the Course of New Onset Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

Completed·SStony Brook University·Phase 1·NCT00545857·15 enrolled

Postmenopausal Women1 trial

Efficacy of Pioglitazone on Bone Metabolism in Postmenopausal Women With Impaired Fasting Glucose.

Completed· Takeda logo

Takeda·Phase 4·NCT00708175·156 enrolled

ART1 trial

A Study to Determine the Bioequivalence of Alogliptin and Pioglitazone When Administered as Individual Tablets and as Fixed-Dose Combination (FDC)-SYR-322-4833 BL Tablets to Healthy Russian Participants

Completed· Takeda logo

Takeda·Phase 1·NCT03501277·72 enrolled

Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer1 trial

Pioglitazone to Treat Adults Undergoing Surgery for Non-small Cell Lung Cancer

Terminated·NNational Cancer Institute (NCI)·Phase 2·NCT00923949·1 enrolled

Autism Spectrum Disorder1 trial

Dose Finding Study of Pioglitazone in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) (PIO)

Completed·EEvdokia Anagnostou·Phase 2·NCT01205282·28 enrolled

Intracerebral Hemorrhage1 trial

Safety of Pioglitazone for Hematoma Resolution In Intracerebral Hemorrhage

Completed·TThe University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston·Phase 2·NCT00827892·84 enrolled

Imaging1 trial

Evaluation of Rosiglitazone Anti-inflammatory Effect With FDG-PET Imaging

Completed·WWashington University School of Medicine·Phase 1·NCT01174056·39 enrolled

Trial1 trial

An Extension Study of PEAK Trial

Terminated·KKun-Ho Yoon·Phase 4·NCT02763007·41 enrolled

Myeloid Leukemia1 trial

Value of Using Pioglitazone in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Treatment

Completed·MMansoura University·Phase 2·NCT04883125·90 enrolled

Stent Implantation1 trial

Efficacy of Pioglitazone on Myocardial Function in Patients Undergoing Coronary Stent Implantation.

Completed· Takeda logo

Takeda·Phase 2·NCT00771004·63 enrolled

Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors1 trial

A Study of Pioglitazone and Carboplatin in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors

Completed·—·Phase 1·NCT02133625·28 enrolled

Ischemic stroke1 trial

Neuroprotection of Pioglitazone in Acute Ischemic Stroke

Terminated·TTaipei Medical University Shuang Ho Hospital·Phase 2·NCT02195791·4 enrolled

Cardiovascular Disease1 trial

PPAR-gamma Agonists, Rheumatoid Arthritis and Cardiovascular Disease

Completed·UUniversity of Michigan·Phase 3·NCT00554853·143 enrolled

Androgen Deprivation Therapy1 trial

Androgen Deprivation Therapy Study

Terminated·NNational Institute on Aging (NIA)··NCT00743327·1 enrolled

Hypoxia1 trial

GlitazOne Treatment for Coronavirus HypoxiA, a Safety and Tolerability Open Label With Matching Cohort Pilot Study

Completed·SSamaritan Health Services·Phase 4·NCT04473274·10 enrolled

Pilot Study1 trial

Response To Oral Agents in Diabetes (ROAD)- Pilot Study

Completed·UUniversity of Dundee·Phase 4·NCT00780715·29 enrolled

NASH1 trial

Low-Dose Pioglitazone in Patients With NASH (AIM 2)

Recruiting·UUniversity of Florida·Phase 2·NCT04501406·166 enrolled

Vitamin D1 trial

Thiazolidinedione Intervention With Vitamin D Evaluation

Terminated· GSK logo

GSK·Phase 4·NCT00879970·1,332 enrolled

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis1 trial

Study of Pioglitazone in Patients With Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Terminated·UUniversity of Ulm·Phase 2·NCT00690118·219 enrolled

Unspecified8 trials

Brown Fat Activation Study

Completed·PPhilip Kern·Phase 1·NCT02919176·39 enrolled

Pioglitazone vs Placebo in Combination With Niacin Extended Release on Low HDL

Completed·UUniversity of Pennsylvania·Phase 2·NCT00300365·38 enrolled

Relative Bioavailability of Pioglitazone After Co-administration With Different Doses of BI 10773 in Healthy Volunteers

Completed· Boehringer Ingelheim logo

Boehringer Ingelheim·Phase 1·NCT02172235·20 enrolled

Show 5 more trials

Pharmacogenomics of Thiazolidinediones

Completed·UUniversity of Maryland, Baltimore·N/A·NCT01135394·114 enrolled

Evaluation of Glucose Lowering Effect, Safety and Tolerability of CS-917

Completed· Daiichi Sankyo logo

Daiichi Sankyo·Phase 2·NCT00290940·400 enrolled

Ghrelin Regulation and Structure: Effect of Thiazolidinedione Therapy on Ghrelin

Terminated·OOregon Health and Science University·N/A·NCT00843791·6 enrolled

Bioavailability of BI 10773 and Pioglitazone in Healthy Male Volunteers

Completed· Boehringer Ingelheim logo

Boehringer Ingelheim·Phase 1·NCT02276365·20 enrolled

Pioglitazone Incretin Study

Completed·UUniversity of Vermont·Phase 4·NCT00656864·24 enrolled

Regulatory

FDA Approval Timeline[5]

Jul 15, 1999

ACTOS

NDA NDA021073

Feb 25, 2000

ACTOS

NDA NDA021073

Feb 25, 2000

ACTOS

NDA NDA021073

Apr 11, 2000

ACTOS

NDA NDA021073

Jul 26, 2000

ACTOS

NDA NDA021073

Oct 25, 2000

ACTOS

NDA NDA021073

Nov 3, 2000

ACTOS

NDA NDA021073

Apr 25, 2001

ACTOS

NDA NDA021073

May 22, 2001

ACTOS

NDA NDA021073

Jul 2, 2001

ACTOS

NDA NDA021073

Jul 6, 2001

ACTOS

NDA NDA021073

Jul 6, 2001

ACTOS

NDA NDA021073

Aug 3, 2001

ACTOS

NDA NDA021073

Jan 7, 2002

ACTOS

NDA NDA021073

Feb 28, 2002

ACTOS

NDA NDA021073

Jul 12, 2002

ACTOS

NDA NDA021073

Oct 1, 2002

ACTOS

NDA NDA021073

Dec 3, 2002

ACTOS

NDA NDA021073

Jan 17, 2003

ACTOS

NDA NDA021073

Jun 11, 2003

ACTOS

NDA NDA021073

Nov 26, 2003

ACTOS

NDA NDA021073

Jul 20, 2004

ACTOS

NDA NDA021073

Aug 3, 2004

ACTOS

NDA NDA021073

Aug 30, 2006

ACTOS

NDA NDA021073

Sep 28, 2006

ACTOS

NDA NDA021073

Nov 4, 2006

ACTOS

NDA NDA021073

Feb 25, 2007

ACTOS

NDA NDA021073

Aug 14, 2007

ACTOS

NDA NDA021073

Sep 6, 2007

ACTOS

NDA NDA021073

May 7, 2008

ACTOS

NDA NDA021073

Dec 11, 2008

ACTOS

NDA NDA021073

Sep 9, 2009

ACTOS

NDA NDA021073

Jul 29, 2010

ACTOS

NDA NDA021073

Feb 3, 2011

ACTOS

NDA NDA021073

Aug 4, 2011

ACTOS

NDA NDA021073

Aug 4, 2011

ACTOS

NDA NDA021073

May 17, 2012

ACTOS

NDA NDA021073

Jun 27, 2013

ACTOS

NDA NDA021073

Nov 12, 2013

ACTOS

NDA NDA021073

Dec 12, 2016

ACTOS

NDA NDA021073

Dec 21, 2017

ACTOS

NDA NDA021073

Sources

References

[1]
ClinicalTrials.gov — 343 trial records for Pioglitazone. U.S. National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.
[2]
MedlinePlus Drug Information — Actos drug information. U.S. National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.
[3]
ChEMBL — Pioglitazone compound record. European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI).
[4]
Open Targets Platform — Drug–disease associations for Pioglitazone. EMBL-EBI & Wellcome Sanger Institute.
[5]
OpenFDA — FDA approval records (NDA NDA021073). U.S. Food & Drug Administration.
[6]
SEC EDGAR — Takeda company filings. U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.

Details

Drug Info

Quick Facts

Mechanism of Action: Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Agonist[3]
Modality: Small molecule[3]
Highest Phase: Approved[1]
Company: Takeda

Actos

Status by Indication[4][1]

Competitive Landscape

Expected Milestones

Q4 2026

Q3 2027

Q4 2027

Q1 2030

Trials by Indication[1]

Type 2 Diabetes30 trials

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus21 trials

Insulin resistance10 trials

Type 2 Diabetic Patients5 trials

Diabetes4 trials

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome4 trials

Alcohol4 trials

Diabetes Mellitus4 trials

Hepatitis4 trials

Prevention3 trials

Metformin3 trials

Treatment3 trials

Renal Transplant2 trials

Function2 trials

Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease2 trials

Interaction2 trials

Metabolic Syndrome2 trials

Asthma2 trials

Obesity2 trials

Rheumatoid Arthritis2 trials

MPA1 trial

Excretion1 trial

Atherosclerosis1 trial

Psoriasis1 trial

Peripheral Arterial Disease1 trial

Female1 trial

Prostate Cancer1 trial

Bipolar Depression1 trial

Immunomodulation1 trial

Blood Pressure1 trial

Oxidative Stress1 trial

Empagliflozin1 trial

Liver Disease1 trial

Chronic Granulomatous Disease1 trial

CLE1 trial

Adult1 trial

Adrenomyeloneuropathy1 trial

Nephrolithiasis1 trial

Statin1 trial

Opioid Withdrawal1 trial

Thyroid Cancer1 trial

Insulin Resistant1 trial

Concentration1 trial

Inclusion Body Myositis1 trial

Coronary Atherosclerosis1 trial

Randomized Controlled Trial1 trial

Refractory AML1 trial

Chronic Hepatitis1 trial

Mitochondria1 trial

Non-Diabetic Patients1 trial

HIV infection1 trial

Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia1 trial

Chronic Kidney Disease1 trial

Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease1 trial

Impaired glucose tolerance1 trial

Subcutaneous Fat1 trial

Bone1 trial

Skin Cancer1 trial

Humans1 trial

Insulin Sensitivity1 trial

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus1 trial

Lip1 trial

Cocaine Dependence1 trial

Combination Therapy1 trial

Congestive Heart Failure1 trial

Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease1 trial

Schizophrenia1 trial

Endometriosis1 trial

Hepatitis C1 trial

Dialysis Patients1 trial

Hyperinsulinemia1 trial