Adrenaline

(Epinephrine)

ApprovedSmall molecule

Epinephrine is used to treat severe allergic reactions (anaphylaxis) and can quickly reverse life-threatening symptoms like difficulty breathing and dangerous drops in blood pressure. It's also used to treat severe asthma attacks and to restart the heart during cardiac emergencies.[2] Adrenaline is currently approved and in use across 75 indications[4].[1]

Adrenaline is one of 1202 small molecule programs targeting Benign Muscle Neoplasm. It is currently in Approved.

Indications

127

Total Trials

Active Trials

1,201

Competitors

FDA Applications

NDA/BLA/ANDA regulatory filings

Patents

Pipeline

Status by Indication[4][1]

Indication

Benign Muscle NeoplasmApproved

ArrhythmiaActive, not recruiting

Cardiovascular DiseaseActive, not recruiting

MydriasisActive, not recruiting

AllergyActive, not recruiting

Sudden Cardiac ArrestActive, not recruiting

Cardiac ArrestApproved

Duodenal UlcerActive, not recruiting

BronchiolitisActive, not recruiting

AnaphylaxisActive, not recruiting

Benign Muscle NeoplasmApproved

Approved

ArrhythmiaPhase 2

Active, not recruiting

Cardiovascular DiseaseApproved

Active, not recruiting

MydriasisApproved

Active, not recruiting

AllergyPhase 2

Active, not recruiting

Sudden Cardiac ArrestApproved

Active, not recruiting

Cardiac ArrestApproved

Approved

Duodenal UlcerPreclinical

Active, not recruiting

BronchiolitisPreclinical

Active, not recruiting

AnaphylaxisPhase 2

Active, not recruiting

Showing 10 of 73 indications

Competition

Competitive Landscape

1639 competitors in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

#DrugCompanyPhaseTrials

Adrenaline

SSamson Clinical Operations Pty Ltd

Approved

127 2

Gemzar

GGynecologic Oncology Group

Preclinical

72 3

Lenvima

Eisai

Preclinical

6 4

Vizimpro

Pfizer

Preclinical

4 5

Immunotherapy

Bristol-Myers Squibb

Preclinical

12 6

Remeron

OOrganon and Co

Preclinical

1 7

Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor

Pfizer

Preclinical

2 8

Vibramycin

PPfizer's Upjohn has merged with Mylan to form Viatris Inc.

Treatment

1 10

Vidaza

Bristol-Myers Squibb

Preclinical

Ranked by pipeline maturity and clinical activity. Current drug highlighted in teal.

Timeline

Expected Milestones

Q3 2026

Post-ApprovalActive, not recruiting

Shoulder Arthroplasty

NCT05488847

Q4 2026

Post-ApprovalRecruiting

Intensive Care Unit

NCT02118467

Q2 2027

Phase 1Recruiting

Lip

NCT06416969

Q4 2027

Phase 3Recruiting

Renal Carcinoma

NCT07092566

Phase 2Active, not recruiting

Hairy Cell Leukemia

NCT01059786

Clinical

Trials by Indication[1]

Total Knee Arthroplasty6 trials

Implementation of a Pain Management Protocol for Total Knee Arthroplasty

Completed·HHealth Sciences North Research Institute·Phase 4·NCT02474654·220 enrolled

Intravenous Versus Topical Administration of Low Dose Epinephrine Plus Combined Administration of Intravenous and Topical Tranexamic Acid (TXA)for Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty

Unknown status·SSouthwest Hospital, China·N/A·NCT02860221·210 enrolled

Periarticular Multimodal Drug Injections in Total Knee Arthroplasty

Completed·SSeoul National University Hospital·Phase 4·NCT00901628·101 enrolled

Show 3 more trials

Peri-Articular-Multimodal Drug and Oral Celecoxib in Management of Postoperative Pain of Total Knee Arthroplasty

Completed·IIsfahan University of Medical Sciences·Phase 2·NCT05324995·146 enrolled

Efficacy of Multimodal Perioperative Analgesia With Periarticular Drug Injection in Total Knee Arthroplasty(TKA)

Completed·TTowson Orthopaedic Associates·N/A·NCT01042093·160 enrolled

Postoperative Pain Control After Periarticular Injection During Total Knee Arthroplasty

Terminated·VVirginia Commonwealth University·Phase 4·NCT02570503·64 enrolled

Tranexamic Acid5 trials

Tranexamic Acid During Upper GI Endoscopic Resection Procedures

Unknown status·—·Phase 4·NCT05688020·200 enrolled

Tranexamic Acid to Improve Arthroscopic Visualization in Shoulder Surgery

Completed·PPanam Clinic·Phase 4·NCT04594408·128 enrolled

Comparison of the Efficacy of Irrigation With Epinephrine or Tranexamic Acid on Visual Clarity

Completed·HHaseki Training and Research Hospital·N/A·NCT04628676·100 enrolled

Show 2 more trials

Tranexamic Acid Versus Epinephrine During Exploratory Tympanotomy

Completed·—·N/A·NCT04188184·60 enrolled

The Effects of Low-dose Epinephrine Plus Tranexamic Acid on Perioperative Haemostasis and Inflammatory Reaction in Major Surgery

Unknown status·SSouthwest Hospital, China·N/A·NCT02864095·200 enrolled

Hypotension4 trials

Epinephrine Infusion for Prophylaxis Against Maternal Hypotension After Spinal Anesthesia for Cesarean Delivery

Completed·—·N/A·NCT05881915·196 enrolled

Effect of Vasopressors on Spinal Anaesthesia Induced Hypotension

Completed·—·Phase 4·NCT03163914·160 enrolled

The Prevention of Hypotension After Epidural Analgesia After Major Surgery

Completed·UUniversity of Florida·Phase 1/2·NCT02722746·66 enrolled

Show 1 more trial

Role of Low Dose Epinephrine Boluses In Acute Hypotension

Unknown status·—·N/A·NCT03671070·50 enrolled

Bronchiolitis3 trials

Nebulized Epinephrine vs. Salbutamol in Bronchiolitis Among Children

Completed·MMakassed General Hospital·N/A·NCT03814954·90 enrolled

Trial of Epinephrine and Albuterol in Bronchiolitis

Unknown status·—·N/A·NCT00114478·600 enrolled

The Influence of Inhaled Adrenalin Versus Decongestant as a Local Nasal Treatment in Bronchiolitis

Completed·SSchneider Children's Medical Center, Israel·N/A·NCT00622817·65 enrolled

Pancreatitis3 trials

Epinephrine Sprayed on the Papilla Versus Sterile Water Sprayed on the Papilla for Preventing Pancreatitis After Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography

Terminated·IInstituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion Salvador Zubiran·N/A·NCT02959112·548 enrolled

Epinephrine Sprayed on the Papilla for the Prevention of Post-ERCP Pancreatitis

Unknown status·—·Phase 4·NCT02839356·670 enrolled

Randomized Trial of Rectal Indomethacin and Papillary Spray of Epinephrine Versus Rectal Indomethacin to Prevent Post-ERCP Pancreatitis

Completed·JJohns Hopkins University·N/A·NCT02116309·948 enrolled

88 more indications

Hypoglycemia3 trials

Hypoglycemia Associated Autonomic Failure in Type 1 DM, Q4

Withdrawn·VVanderbilt University·N/A·NCT00608816

Hypoglycemia Associated Autonomic Failure in Type 1 DM, Q5

Withdrawn·VVanderbilt University·N/A·NCT00605774

Mechanisms of Hypoglycemia Associated Autonomic Failure

Unknown status·—·Phase 2·NCT00678145·116 enrolled

Cardiac Arrest3 trials

In-hospital Cardiac Arrest - Dynamics and State Transitions

Completed·SSt. Olavs Hospital··NCT00920244·285 enrolled

Vasopressin and Epinephrine Versus Epinephrine Alone in Cardiac Arrest

Completed·HHospices Civils de Lyon·Phase 4·NCT00127907·2,416 enrolled

Pharmacokinetics of Epinephrine During Cardiac Arrest

Completed·HHaukeland University Hospital··NCT03036202·8 enrolled

Liposomal Bupivacaine2 trials

Liposomal Bupivacaine for Pain Control Following Thoracic Surgery.

Unknown status·MMassachusetts General Hospital·Phase 2/3·NCT03036085·200 enrolled

Liposomal Bupivacaine Use in Alveolar Bone Graft Patients

Recruiting·KKerry O'Rourke·Phase 3·NCT06284434·60 enrolled

Total Hip Arthroplasty2 trials

Psoas Compartment Block Versus Periarticular Local Anesthetic for Total Hip Arthroplasty

Completed·CCorewell Health East·Phase 4·NCT02658149·100 enrolled

Total Hip Arthroplasty (THA) Lumbar Plexus Verses Periarticular

Completed·MMayo Clinic·Phase 4·NCT02242201·165 enrolled

Peripheral Nerve Block2 trials

Systemic Steroids for Peripheral Nerve Blocks

Completed·WWake Forest University Health Sciences·Phase 4·NCT02464176·115 enrolled

Perineural Steroids for Peripheral Nerve Blocks

Completed·WWake Forest University Health Sciences·Phase 4·NCT02462148·85 enrolled

Femur Fracture2 trials

Efficacy of Peri-Incisional Multimodal Drug Injection Following Operative Management of Femur Fractures

Completed·UUniversity of Iowa·Phase 4·NCT02793947·102 enrolled

Femoral Nerve Block for Femur Fracture Repair in Pediatrics

Terminated·NNationwide Children's Hospital·Phase 2·NCT01759407·19 enrolled

Post Operative Pain2 trials

Effect of Local Infiltration Anesthesia With Ropivacaine on Postoperative Pain After Hip Hemiarthroplasty

Completed·SSt. Olavs Hospital·N/A·NCT02585011·123 enrolled

Effects of Pre-emptive Scalp Infiltration With Low-dose Ketorolac and Ropivacaine for Postoperative Pain

Unknown status·—·Phase 4·NCT04380298·40 enrolled

Pulpitis2 trials

Anesthetic Efficacy of 1,8mL and 3,6mL of Articaine in Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block in Irreversible Pulpitis

Completed·IIsabel Peixoto Tortamano·N/A·NCT02422823·90 enrolled

4% Articaine and 2% Lidocaine by Intraligamentary Technique in Irreversible Pulpitis

Completed·—·Phase 3·NCT02807298·25 enrolled

Pain Management2 trials

Comparison of Systemic Opioid (Morphine) and Pre-Incision Bilateral Scalp Nerve Block for Pain Management in Craniotomy Patients

Completed·—·Phase 4·NCT07425678·62 enrolled

The Efficiency of Periarticular Multimodal Drug Injection in Pain Management Following Primary Unilateral TKA

Completed·—·N/A·NCT06112548·80 enrolled

Nerve Block2 trials

Evaluate Use of Caudal Nerve Blocks in Adult Penile Prosthesis

Completed·MM.D. Anderson Cancer Center·Phase 3·NCT02740127·52 enrolled

Optimal Timing of Intercostal Nerve Blocks During Video-Assisted Thoracic Surgeries

Completed·UUniversity at Buffalo·Phase 4·NCT02980835·36 enrolled

Blood Pressure2 trials

Decision Support for Intraoperative Low Blood Pressure

Completed·VVanderbilt University Medical Center·N/A·NCT02726620·22,435 enrolled

Comparison of Perfusion Index, T Wave Amplitude, Systolic Blood Pressure and Heart Rate

Unknown status·SSeoul National University Hospital·N/A·NCT01131741·50 enrolled

Knee Arthroplasty2 trials

Evaluation of Motor Sparing Knee Block to Infiltration Analgesia for Pain Following Knee Arthroplasty

Unknown status·LLondon Health Sciences Centre Research Institute OR Lawson Research Institute of St. Joseph's·Phase 3·NCT02540070·135 enrolled

A Clinical Trial of Two Periarticular Multimodal Drug Injections in Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty

Completed·KKootenai Health·Phase 4·NCT02543801·239 enrolled

Infiltration1 trial

Ultrasound-guided Fascia Iliaca Compartment Block Versus Periarticular Infiltration

Completed·UUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical Center·N/A·NCT02658240·60 enrolled

Metabolism1 trial

Local Effects of Epinephrine on Lactate, Glucose, Lipid and Protein Metabolism in Bilaterally Perfused Human Legs

Completed·UUniversity of Aarhus·N/A·NCT01116609·10 enrolled

Neurosurgical Patients1 trial

Goal-Directed Intraoperative Fluid Management Using FloTrac© Monitoring in High-Risk Neurosurgical Patients

Completed·NNYU Langone Health·N/A·NCT02701582·66 enrolled

Liver Transplant1 trial

Effect of Epinephrine/ Phenylephrine for Preventing the Postreperfusion Syndrome During Reperfusion in Liver Transplantation

Completed·SSeoul National University Hospital·N/A·NCT01080625·96 enrolled

Hemodynamic Response1 trial

Comparision Between Hemodynamic Response of Dexmedetomidine and Remifentanil on Anesthesia in Endoscopic Sinus Surgery

Unknown status·KKorea University Anam Hospital·Phase 4·NCT02464722·50 enrolled

Intravenous1 trial

Effects of Epinephrine and Intravenous (I.V.) Needle on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) Outcome

Completed·PPetter Andreas Steen·Phase 2·NCT00121524·904 enrolled

Vasoconstriction1 trial

Evidence of Spreading Vasoconstriction in Human Gingiva

Completed·SSemmelweis University·N/A·NCT04131283·29 enrolled

Epilepsy1 trial

Conscious Sedation for Epilepsy Surgery

Completed·MMenoufia University·N/A·NCT02988050·60 enrolled

Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery1 trial

VATS Block for Uniportal Video-assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery

Unknown status·TTaipei Medical University WanFang Hospital·N/A·NCT03083080·30 enrolled

Small Cell Lung Cancer1 trial

M7824 and Topotecan or Temozolomide in Relapsed Small Cell Lung Cancers

Completed·NNational Cancer Institute (NCI)·Phase 1/2·NCT03554473·37 enrolled

Adductor Canal Block1 trial

Addition of Clonidine to Ropivacaine in Adductor Canal Block

Unknown status·UUniversity of Vermont·Phase 4·NCT03057015·80 enrolled

MPA1 trial

Comparison of Milrinone and Epinephrine on TAPSE

Not yet recruiting·MMansoura University·N/A·NCT07144267·102 enrolled

Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension1 trial

Management of Acute Pulmonary Hypertensive Crisis in Children With Known Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension

Completed·SStanford University·Phase 4·NCT05439460·15 enrolled

Neonatal1 trial

Vasopressin vs. Epinephrine During Neonatal Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation

Recruiting·UUniversity of Alberta·Phase 1·NCT05738148·20 enrolled

ESS1 trial

Vasopressin Versus Epinephrine in Myomectomy

Completed·—·Phase 3·NCT01861015·60 enrolled

Breast Surgery1 trial

The Effect of the Serratus Block on Pain Control After Breast Surgery

Completed·WWomen's College Hospital·Phase 2/3·NCT02453516·40 enrolled

Platelet Reactivity1 trial

A Study of the Effect of Epinephrine on Platelet Reactivity in Subjects Treated With Ticagrelor

Completed·VVastra Gotaland Region·Phase 1·NCT03441412·10 enrolled

Treatment1 trial

Over-the-scope Clips and Standard Treatments in Endoscopic Control of Acute Bleeding From Non-variceal Upper GI Causes

Completed·—·N/A·NCT03216395·191 enrolled

Allergy1 trial

Pharmacokinetics Study of DESF in Adults With Oral Allergy Syndrome

Completed·AAquestive Therapeutics·Phase 2·NCT06527937·36 enrolled

Sinus Surgery1 trial

Comparing Blood Loss and Visualization After the Preoperative Use of Topical 0.05% Oxymetazoline Versus 1:1000 Epinephrine Prior to Endoscopic Sinus Surgery

Completed·TThe University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston·Phase 4·NCT03228914·20 enrolled

Surgery1 trial

Assessment of the Effects of Pressors on Graft Blood Flow After Free Tissue Transfer Surgery

Completed·OOxford University Hospitals NHS Trust·Phase 4·NCT01418118·25 enrolled

Resistance1 trial

Ophthalmic Artery Resistance Index After Peribulbar Block in the Presence of Epinephrine

Completed·FFederal University of Minas Gerais·N/A·NCT04153123·26 enrolled

Shoulder Arthroplasty1 trial

Opioid-Free Pain Protocol After Shoulder Arthroplasty

Active, not recruiting·HHenry Ford Health System·Phase 4·NCT05488847·83 enrolled

Post-craniotomy1 trial

Effects of Pre-emptive Scalp Infiltration With Ketorolac and Ropivacaine for Post-craniotomy Pain

Unknown status·—·Phase 4·NCT04141319·100 enrolled

Intrathecal Dexmedetomidine1 trial

Intrathecal Dexmedetomidine vs Epinephrine

Recruiting·IIcahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai·Phase 4·NCT06418308·62 enrolled

Duodenal Ulcer1 trial

Comparative Study of Autologous Blood Injection Versus Diluted Epinephrine in Treating Actively Bleeding Gastroduodenal Ulcers

Completed·ZZagazig University·N/A·NCT01560702·100 enrolled

Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplant1 trial

Study of Palifermin (Kepivance) in Persons Undergoing Unrelated Donor Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation

Completed·NNational Cancer Institute (NCI)·Phase 1/2·NCT02356159·34 enrolled

Intraoperative1 trial

Comparing the Efficiency of Two Approaches in Patients at Risk of Developing Intraoperative Floppy Iris Syndrome

Completed·UUniversity Hospital Olomouc·Phase 4·NCT06266962·164 enrolled

Spinal Fusion1 trial

Multi-Modal Anesthesia Protocol in Pain Management of Patients Undergoing Posterior Lumbar Spinal Fusion Surgery

Completed·UUniversity of Puerto Rico·Phase 4·NCT05413902·100 enrolled

Lip1 trial

Regional Lipolysis and Adipocyte Lipolysis Protein Stimulation

Recruiting·MMayo Clinic·Phase 1·NCT06416969·24 enrolled

Female1 trial

Study of Inhaled DMC-IH1 and Intramuscular (EpiPen®) Epinephrine in Healthy Male and Female Participants.

Completed·DDe Motu Cordis·Phase 1·NCT06013150·24 enrolled

HPV Associated Cancers1 trial

HPV Vaccine PRGN-2009 Alone or in Combination With Anti-PDL1/TGF-Beta Trap (M7824) in Subjects With HPV Associated Cancers

Active, not recruiting·NNational Cancer Institute (NCI)·Phase 1/2·NCT04432597·39 enrolled

Ankle Surgery1 trial

Epinephrine in Irrigation Fluid for Visualization During Ankle Surgery

Withdrawn·TThe Guthrie Clinic·Phase 3·NCT06264596

ACL1 trial

The Simultaneous Use of Supraclavicular and Distal Blocks

Completed·—·Phase 4·NCT01989312·75 enrolled

Intensive Care Unit1 trial

Vasoactive Drugs in Intensive Care Unit

Recruiting·UUniversity of Chicago·Phase 4·NCT02118467·836 enrolled

Hypospadias1 trial

Hemostasis During Hypospadias Surgery

Unknown status·IIsfahan University of Medical Sciences·N/A·NCT02268019·70 enrolled

Cesarean Section1 trial

Effect of Adding a Low-Dose Epinephrine Bolus Prior to Infusion on Maternal Hemodynamic Stability During Cesarean Section

Recruiting·—·Phase 3·NCT07480889·100 enrolled

Hyperbaric Bupivacaine1 trial

RCT of Epinephrine (None, 100mcg, and 200mcg) in a Hyperbaric Bupivacaine, Fentanyl and Morphine Spinal in C-sections.

Withdrawn·UUniversity of Florida·Phase 4·NCT03335293

Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria1 trial

An Outpatient Study of the Efficacy of ARS-2 in Patients With Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria

Recruiting·AARS Pharmaceuticals, Inc.·Phase 2·NCT06927999·42 enrolled

Bleeding1 trial

Prophylactic Topical Epinephrine to Reduce Bleeding in Transbronchial Lung Biopsies

Completed·UUniversity of Maryland, Baltimore·Phase 2/3·NCT03126968·66 enrolled

Hematoma1 trial

Adrenaline Reduces Ecchymoses and Hematomas and Improves Quality of Life After Classic Saphenous Vein Stripping

Completed·JJunior Doctors Network-Hellas·N/A·NCT04758728·40 enrolled

Blood Loss1 trial

"The Effect Of Subcutaneous Epinephrine Dosage On Blood Loss In Surgical Incision"

Unknown status·—·Phase 1·NCT05670808·90 enrolled

Chemotherapy1 trial

Intralesional Chemotherapy (IC): Cisplatin + Epinephrine

Not yet recruiting·UUniversity of Miami·Phase 2·NCT07392580·20 enrolled

Dexmedetomidine1 trial

Comparing the Hemodynamic Effects of Epinephrine Versus Dexmedetomidine as an Adjuvant to Bupivacaine in Caudal Anaesthesia Assessed by Cardiometry

Unknown status·KKasr El Aini Hospital·N/A·NCT05860010·39 enrolled

Epistaxis1 trial

Epinephrine Nasal Drops for Epistaxis During Nasal Intubation

Completed·UUniversitas Padjadjaran·Phase 2·NCT06789549·40 enrolled

Adult1 trial

Study of Inhaled Epinephrine and Intramuscular Epinephrine Administered to Healthy Adults

Completed·DDe Motu Cordis·Phase 1·NCT05152901·23 enrolled

Bupivacaine1 trial

Subcutaneous Bupivacaine Decrease Post-op Pain in Patients Undergoing C-Section

Terminated·MMontefiore Medical Center·Phase 2·NCT03383588·26 enrolled

Lumbar Spine Surgery1 trial

Peri-Incisional Drug Injection in Lumbar Spine Surgery

Withdrawn·UUniversity of Minnesota·Phase 3·NCT03513445

Pain1 trial

The PAIN (Pelvic Area Injection for Numbness) Study

Recruiting·MMontefiore Medical Center·Phase 4·NCT05972681·100 enrolled

Hairy Cell Leukemia1 trial

Randomized Phase II Trial of Rituximab With Either Pentostatin or Bendamustine for Multiply Relapsed or Refractory Hairy Cell Leukemia

Active, not recruiting·NNational Cancer Institute (NCI)·Phase 2·NCT01059786·69 enrolled

Trial1 trial

Epinephrine Dose: Optimal Versus Standard Evaluation Trial

Recruiting·UUnity Health Toronto·Phase 4·NCT03826524·3,790 enrolled

Septic Shock1 trial

Dopexamine and Norepinephrine Compared With Epinephrine Alone in Septic Shock

Completed·RRennes University Hospital·Phase 2·NCT00134212·20 enrolled

Pediatric Patients1 trial

Low-dose Epinephrine Infusion Tests in Adolescent and Pediatric Patients

Terminated·EEmory University·N/A·NCT00548886·7 enrolled

Caesarean Delivery1 trial

Epinephrine Vs Norepinephrine Infusion During Caesarean Delivery

Not yet recruiting·—·N/A·NCT06512402·212 enrolled

Absorption1 trial

A Study for Absorption of Intranasal Epinephrine Compared to Conventional Intramuscular Epinephrine

Completed·SSiriraj Hospital·N/A·NCT01432522·12 enrolled

Brain Injury1 trial

Target Hemodynamics and Brain Injury During General Anesthesia in the Elderly

Suspended·FFondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico·Phase 2/3·NCT02428062·1,812 enrolled

Shock1 trial

Epinephrine to Prevent Postintubation Collapse in Shocked ICU Patients

Unknown status·—·N/A·NCT06115473·44 enrolled

Polyp1 trial

Effect of Epinephrine on Post-polypectomy Pain

Completed·IIndiana University·Phase 4·NCT04065451·22 enrolled

Tics1 trial

Distribution, Pharmacokinetics and Extent of Sensory Blockade in ESP Blocks

Completed·MMilton S. Hershey Medical Center·Phase 4·NCT03476642·12 enrolled

Hysterectomy1 trial

TAP vs Surgical Infiltration of Local Anesthetic in Laparoscopic and Robotic Hysterectomy

Completed·UUniversity of Minnesota·Phase 4·NCT02519023·87 enrolled

Gastric1 trial

RCT of Gastric ESD With or Without Epineprhine Added Solution

Completed·—·Phase 3·NCT04032119·800 enrolled

Local Anesthetic1 trial

Protracted Mixture of Local Anesthetics for Major Foot and Ankle Surgery

Completed·RRasmus Wulff Hauritz·Phase 4·NCT02526199·56 enrolled

Arrhythmia1 trial

Treatment of Ventricular Tachyarrhythmias Refractory To Shock With Beta Blockers: The SHOCK and BLOCK Trial

Terminated·—·Phase 2·NCT00401882·7 enrolled

Ankle Fracture1 trial

Efficacy of Multimodal Periarticular Injections in Operatively Treated Ankle Fractures

Completed·UUniversity of Iowa·Phase 4·NCT02967172·100 enrolled

Epidural Block1 trial

Comparison Study of Transversus Abdominal Plane, Paravertebral and Epidural Blocks in Laparoscopic Colectomy

Terminated·—·N/A·NCT02164929·17 enrolled

Dexamethasone1 trial

Effect of Dexamethasone and Epinephrine on the Duration of Sciatic Nerve Blocks With Ropivacaine

Unknown status·YYeungnam University College of Medicine·N/A·NCT02104778·90 enrolled

Randomized Controlled Trial1 trial

Voiding Function After Mid-Urethral Slings With and Without Local Anesthetic: Randomized Controlled Trial

Completed·UUniversity of Massachusetts, Worcester·N/A·NCT01583166·90 enrolled

Pediatric1 trial

Trial of Vasopressin and Epinephrine to Epinephrine Only for In-Hospital Pediatric Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation

Completed·UUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical Center·Phase 1·NCT00628550·130 enrolled

Anaphylaxis1 trial

A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study of Omalizumab for Idiopathic Anaphylaxis

Completed·NNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)·Phase 2·NCT00890162·16 enrolled

Ketorolac1 trial

Comparison of Epinephrine and Phenylephrine/Ketorolac With Regards to Pupil Size

Terminated·MMilton S. Hershey Medical Center·Phase 4·NCT02895035·59 enrolled

Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding1 trial

To Compare a Hemostatic Powder TC-325 and Standard Treatment in the Control of Acute Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding From Nonvariceal Causes

Completed·—·Phase 3·NCT02534571·224 enrolled

Renal Carcinoma1 trial

Efficacy of Ropivacaine Epinephrine Clonidine Ketorolac (R.E.C.K) vs Exparel in Robotic Nephrectomy: a Randomized, Prospective Trial

Recruiting·WWake Forest University Health Sciences·Phase 3·NCT07092566·170 enrolled

Tonsillitis1 trial

Efficacy of Hydrogen Peroxide Versus Adrenaline for Intraoperative Hemostasis During Tonsillectomy. A Quasi-Experimental Study

Completed·RRawalpindi Medical College·Preclinical·NCT07675278·64 enrolled

Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH)1 trial

Comparison of the Efficacy and Safety of Dopamine, Norepinephrine and Epinephrine in the Treatment of Pulmonary Hypertensive Crisis Under Hemodynamic Monitoring

Not yet recruiting·CChina National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases·Preclinical·NCT07667829·75 enrolled

ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction1 trial

Intracoronary Administration of Epinephrine and Verapamil in the Refractory No-reflow Phenomenon in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction: The EPIVER Randomized Controlled Trial

Completed·TTomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences·Preclinical·NCT04573751·104 enrolled

Unspecified5 trials

Dose Response of Epinephrine

Completed·UUniversity of Maryland, Baltimore·Phase 1·NCT02692313·32 enrolled

Bioavailability of Nasal Epinephrine

Completed·NNasus Pharma·Phase 1·NCT04696822·12 enrolled

POHCA Resuscitation: Evaluation of IM Epinephrine

Recruiting·LLondon Health Sciences Centre Research Institute OR Lawson Research Institute of St. Joseph's·Phase 2/3·NCT05166343·284 enrolled

Show 2 more trials

Exparel vs Exparel Plus ACB in TKAs

Withdrawn·TThe Hawkins Foundation·Phase 4·NCT02365727

Hip Scope Fascia-iliaca (FI) Block Study

Completed·TThe Hawkins Foundation·Phase 4·NCT02365961·84 enrolled

Regulatory

FDA Approval Timeline[5]

Jan 1, 1982

BRONKAID MIST

NDA NDA016803

Jan 1, 1982

PRIMATENE MIST

NDA NDA016126

Aug 3, 1995

EPI E Z PEN JR

NDA NDA019430

Feb 5, 1999

SUS-PHRINE SULFITE FREE

NDA NDA007942

Nov 25, 2009

ADRENACLICK

NDA NDA020800

Dec 7, 2012

ADRENALIN

NDA NDA204200

Dec 18, 2013

ADRENALIN

NDA NDA204640

Nov 17, 2017

AUVI-Q

NDA NDA201739

Sep 27, 2018

SYMJEPI

NDA NDA207534

Nov 7, 2018

PRIMATENE MIST

NDA NDA205920

Nov 5, 2019

EPINEPHRINE

NDA NDA209359

Aug 15, 2022

EPINEPHRINE

NDA NDA211363

Apr 21, 2023

ADRENALIN

NDA NDA215875

Mar 4, 2024

EPINEPHRINE

NDA NDA205029

Mar 5, 2025

NEFFY

NDA NDA214697

Mar 13, 2025

EPINEPHRINE

NDA NDA215425

Mar 30, 2026

EPINEPHRINE

NDA NDA220626

Sources

References

[1]
ClinicalTrials.gov — 127 trial records for Epinephrine. U.S. National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.
[2]
MedlinePlus Drug Information — Adrenaline drug information. U.S. National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.
[3]
ChEMBL — Epinephrine compound record. European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI).
[4]
Open Targets Platform — Drug–disease associations for Epinephrine. EMBL-EBI & Wellcome Sanger Institute.
[5]
OpenFDA — FDA approval records (NDA NDA220626). U.S. Food & Drug Administration.
[6]
FDA Orange Book — Patent and exclusivity data for Adrenaline. U.S. Food & Drug Administration.
[7]
SEC EDGAR — Samson Clinical Operations Pty Ltd company filings. U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.

Details

Drug Info

Quick Facts

Mechanism of Action: Adrenergic Receptor Agonist[3]
Modality: Small molecule[3]
Highest Phase: Approved[1]
Company: SSamson Clinical Operations Pty Ltd

Patent Landscape[6]

Patent Cliff

Dec 12, 2026

Earliest patent expiration — generic entry possible after this date

Patent #Expires

8367734Jan 26, 2026

11590286Dec 12, 2026

8231573Nov 25, 2028

9295657Mar 13, 2035

10130592Mar 13, 2035

19 more patents

9119876Mar 13, 2035

12280024Mar 13, 2035

11141540Oct 20, 2036

10842938Dec 21, 2037

10688244Dec 21, 2037

11771830Dec 21, 2037

10576156Feb 6, 2038

11173209Feb 6, 2038

11918655Feb 6, 2039

12324838Feb 6, 2039

10682414Feb 6, 2039

11191838Feb 6, 2039

11717571Feb 6, 2039

11744895Feb 6, 2039

10653646Mar 21, 2039

11083698Mar 21, 2039

12133837Mar 21, 2039

11207280Mar 21, 2039

12539283Jan 17, 2045